Ansiedade reportada frente à produção textual: correlações com variáveis motivacionais | Anxiety reported in textual production: Correlations with motivational variables
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24220/2318-0870v23n3a4111Palavras-chave:
Ansiedade. Autoeficácia na escrita. Autorregulação na escrita. Escrita. Rendimento escolar.Resumo
A literatura tem revelado que as atuais exigências sociais e acadêmicas têm produzido nos alunos um comportamento ansioso frente à escrita. O presente estudo, de abordagem sociocognitiva, identificou a presença e variação da ansiedade reportada frente à produção textual ao longo do processo de tomadas de medidas e avaliou a relação da ansiedade reportada diante da produção textual com variáveis motivacionais (autoeficácia, autorregulação da aprendizagem e desempenho global da produção escrita). Trata-se de um estudo com medidas repetidas. Participaram 693 alunos (M=9,13; DP=0,16) do ensino básico, da região Norte de Portugal, com idade entre 8 e 12 anos. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados questionários de autorrelato. A análise dos dados revelou diferenças estatísticamente significativas na ansiedade reportada frente à escrita na autoeficácia e na autorregulação da aprendizagem ao longo do ano escolar. A ansiedade diante da escrita revelou correlação positiva e estatisticamente significativa com a autoeficácia percebida. As demais variáveis apresentaram correlações negativas e estatisticamente significativas com a ansiedade frente à escrita.
Downloads
Referências
Bandura, A. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychologist, v.37, n.2, p.122-147, 1977.
Bandura, A. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1986.
Bandura, A. Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-efficacy. Developmental Psychology, v.25, n.5, p.729-735, 1989.
Bandura, A. Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, v.28, n.2, p.117-148, 1993.
Bandura, A. Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, v.52, n.1 p.1-26, 2001.
Bandura, A.; Azzi, R.; Pollydoro, S. Teoria social cognitiva: conceitos básicos. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2008.
Bandura, A.; Schunk, E.H. Cultivating competence, selfefficacy, and intrinsic interest through proximal selfmotivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, v.41, n.3, p.586-598, 1981.
Barret, P.; Turner, C. Prevention of anxiety symptoms in primary school children: preliminar results from a universal schoolbasedtrial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, v.40, n.1, p.399-410, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/014466501163887
Bloom, L. The composing processes of anxious and nonanxious writers: A naturalistic study. In: Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, 31., 1980, Washington. Report… [S.l.]: ERIC, [1980]. p.17. Available from: <https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED185559>. Cited: Sept. 4, 2016.
Bown, J. Self-regulatory strategies and agency in selfinstructed language learning: A situated view. The Modern Language Journal, v.93, n.4, p.570-583, 2009.
Brand, A.G. Writing and feelings: Checking our vital signs. Rhetoric Review, v.8, n.2, p.290-308, 1990.
Britner, S.L.; Pajares, F. Sources of science self-efficacy beliefs of middle school students. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, v.43, n.5, p.485-499, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tea.20131
Bruning, R.; Horn, C. Developing motivation to write. Educational Psychologist, v.35, n.1, p.25-37, 2000.
Castelló, M. Aprender a escribir textos académicos: ¿Copistas, escribas, compiladores o escritores? In: Pozo, J.I.; Pérez Echeverría, M.P. (Coord.). Psicología del aprendizaje universitaria: la formación en competencias. Madrid: Morata, 2009. p.120-133. Disponible en: <https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/36887337>. Acceso en: 15 mayo 2016.
Castelló, M.; Faz, G.; López, N. Enfoques en la investigación de la regulación de escritura académica: estado de la questión. Electronic Journal of Research in Educacional Psychology, v.8, n.3, p.1253-1282, 2010. Disponible en: <http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=293122000015>. Acceso en: 15 mayo 2016.
Daly, J.A. Writing apprehension and writing competency. The Journal of Educational Research, v.72, n.2, p.10-14, 1978. Available from: <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10. 1080/00220671.1978.10885110>. Cited: Apr. 4, 2016.
Daly, J.A.; Miller, M.D. Apprehension of writing as a predictor of message intensity. The Journal of Psychology, v.85, p.175-177, 1975. Available from: <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00223980.1975.9915748>. Cited: Apr. 4, 2016.
Faygley, L.; Daly, J.; Witte, S.P. The role of writing apprehension in writing performance and competence. The Journal of Educational Research, v.75, p.16-21, 1981. Available from: <https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED200984.pdf>. Cited: Apr. 4, 2016.
Field, A. Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics. 4th ed. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2013.
García, J.N. et al. Influencia del esfuerzo cognitivo y variables relacionadas com el TDAH en el processo y produto de la composición escrita: un estúdio experimental. Estudios de Psicología, v.30, n.1, p.31-50, 2009a.
García, J.N. et al. Investigaciones recientes en desarrollo e instrucción de la composición escrita en el sistema educativo espanhol. Aula Abierta, v.37, n.1, p.91-104, 2009b.
Graham, S.; Harris, K. Assessment and intervention in overcoming writing difficulties: An illustration from the self-regulated strategy development model. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools, v.30, p.255-264, 1999.
Graham, S.; Harris, K.R.; Mason, L. Improving the writing performance, knowledge, and self-efficacy of struggling young writers: The effects of self-regulated strategy development. Contemporary Educational Psychology, v.30, n.1, p.207-241, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2004.08.001
Harris, K.; Graham, S.; Mason, L. Self-regulated strategy development in the classroom: Part of a balanced approach to writing instruction for students with disabilities. Focuson
Exceptional Children, v.35, n.7, p.1-17, 2003.
Harris, K.R.; Santagelo, T.; Graham, S. Metacognition and strategies instruction in writing. In: Waters, H.S.; Shneider, W. (Ed.). Metacognition, strategy use, and instruction. New York: Guilford, 2010. p.226-256.
Harris, K.R. et al. Self-regulated learning processes and children’s writing. In: Zimmerman, B.; Schunk, D. Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance. New York: Routledge, 2011. p.187-202. (Educational Psychology Handbook Series).
Hatton, S.C.; McNicol, K.; Doubleday, E. Anxiety in a neglected population: Prevalence of anxiety disorders in pre-adolescent children. Clinical Psychology Review, v.26, n.7, p.817-833, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2005.12.002
Högemann, J.H. Promoção de competências de autorregulação na escrita: um estudo com alunos do 4º ano do ensino básico. 2016. 163 f. Tese (Doutorado em Psicologia Aplicada) – Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal, 2016.
Juel, C. Learning to read and write: A longitudinal study of 54 children from first though fourth grades. Journal of Educational Psychology, v.80, n.4, p.437-447, 1988.
Kara, S. Writing anxiety: A case study on students’ reasons for anxiety in writing classes. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, v.3, n.1, p.103-111, 2013.
Kean, D.; Glynn, S.; Britton, B. Writing persuasive documensts: The role of student’s verbal aptitude and evaluation anxiety. Journal of Experimental Education, v.55, n.2 p.95-102, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1987.10806440
Limpo, T.; Alves, R. Modeling writing development: Contribution of transcription and self-regulation to portuguese students’ texto generation quality. Journal of Educational Psychology, v.105, n.2, p.401-413, 2013.
Limpo, T.; Alves, R.; Fidalgo, R. Childrens’ high-level writing skills: Development of planning and revising and their contribution to writing quality. British Journal of Educational, v.84, p.177-193, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12020
MacArthur, C.; Graham, S.; Fitzgerald, J. Introduction. In: MacArthur, C.; Graham, S.; Fitzgerald, J. Handbook of writing research. New York: The Guilford Press, 2006. p.1-7.
Marôco, J. Análise estatística com o SPSS Statistics. 6. ed. Porto: ReportNumber, 2014. p.372.
Mello, A.S.L. Impacto da ansiedade reportada face à escrita de composições. 2017. 115 f. Tese (Doutorado em Psicologia Aplicada) – Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal, 2017. Onwuegbuzie, A. Writing a research proposal: The role of library anxiety, statistic anxiety, and composition anxiety.
Library and Information, v.19, n.1, p.5-33, 1997. Pajares, F. Gender and perceived self-efficacy in self-regulated learning. Theory into Practice, v.41, n.2, p.116-125, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4102_8
Pajares, F. Self-efficacy during childhood and adolescence: Implications for teachers and parents. In: Pajares, F.; Urdan, T. (Ed.). Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescentes. Greenwich:
Information Age Publishing, 2005. p.339-367.
Putwain, D.W.; Best, N. Fear appeals in the primary classroom: Effects on test anxiety and test grade. Learning and Individual Differences, v.21, n.21, p.580-584, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2011.07.007
Rosário, P. et al. Ansiedade face aos testes e autorregulação da aprendizagem: variáveis emocionais no aprender. Psicologia e Educação, v.3, n.1, p.15-26, 2004a.
Rosário, P. et al. Processos de auto-regulação da aprendizagem e realização escolar no ensino básico. Psicologia, Educação e Cultura, v.8, n.1, p.141-157, 2004b.
Rosário, P. et al. Inventário de processo de auto-regulação da aprendizagem (IPAA). In: Gonçalves, M.M. et al. (Ed.). Avaliação psicológica: instrumentos validados para a população portuguesa. Coimbra: Almedina, 2010. v.4, p.159-174.
Rosário, P. et al. Autoeficacia y utilidade percibida como condiciones necessárias para um aprendizaje académico autorregulado. Anales de Psicologia, v.28, n.1, p.1-8, 2012.
Rosário, P.; Núñez, J.; González-Pienda, J. Sarilhos do amarelo. Porto: Porto Editora, 2007.
Russell, M.; Davey, G.C.L. The relationship between life event measures and anxiety and its cognitive correlates. Personality and Individual Differences, v.14, n.2, p.317-322, 1993.
Saddler, B.; Asaro-Saddler, K. Response to intervention in writing: A suggested framework for screening, intervention, and progresso monitoring. Reading and Writing Quartely, v.29, n.1, p.20-43, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10573569.2013.741945
Santangelo, T.; Harris, K. R.; Graham, S. Self-regulated strategy development: A validated model to support students who struggle with writing. Learning Disabilities: A Contemporary Journal, v.5, n.1, p.1-20, 2007.
Schunk, D.H.; Swartz, C.W. Goals and progresso feedback: Effects on self-efficacy and writing achievement. Contemporary Educational Psychology, v.18, p.337-354, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1993.1014
Schunk, D.H.; Usher, E.L. Assessing self-efficacy for selfregulated learning. In: Zimmerman, B.J.; Schunk, D.H. Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance. New York: Routledge, 2011. p.282-297. (Educacional Psychology Handbook Series).
Schunk, D.H.; Zimmerman, B. Self-regulation and learning. In: Reynolds, W.M.; Miller, G.E. Handbook of Psychology: Educational Psychology. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, 2003. v.7. p.45-68.
Schunk, D.H.; Zimmerman, B. Influencing children’s selfefficacy and self-regulation of reading and writing through modeling. Reading and Writing Quarterly, v.23, n.23, p.7-25, 2007.
Spense, S.H. A measure of anxiety symptoms among children. Behavior Research of Therapy, v.36, n.36, p.545-566, 1998.
Torkzadeh, G.; Dyke, T.P.V. Effects of training on internet selfefficacy and computer user attitudes. Computer in Human Behavior, v.18, n.5, p.479-494, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(02)00010-9
Torrance, M.; Fidalgo, R.; García, J.N. The teachability and effectiveness of strategies for cognitive self-regulation in sixth grade writers. Learning and Instruction, v.17, n.3, p.265-285, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2007.02.003
Warr, P.; Downing, J. Learning strategies, learning anxiety and knowledge acquisition. British Journal of Psychology, v.91, n.1 p.311-333, 2000.
Wren, G.G.; Benson, J. Measuring test anxiety in children: Scale development and internal construct validation. Anxiety, Stress, and Copy, v.17, n.3, p.227-240, 2004.
Zimmerman, B.J. A social Cognitive view of self-regulated academic learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, v.81, n.3, p.329-339, 1989.
Zimmerman, B. J. Theories of self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview and analysis. In: Zimmerman, B.J.; Schunk, D.H. (Ed.). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement. 2nd ed. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2001. p.1-37.
Zimmerman, B.J. Becoming a self-regulated learner: On overview. Theory Into Practice, v.41, n.2, p.64-67, 2002.
Zimmerman, B.; Bandura, A.; Martinez-Pons, M. Self-motivation for academic attainment: The role of self-efficacy beliefs and personal goal setting. American Education Research Journal, v.29, n.3 p.663-676, 1992.
Zimmerman, B.; Bandura, A. Impact of self-regulatory influences on writing course attainment. American Education Research Journal, v.31, n.4, p.845-862, 1994. Available from: <https://www.uky.edu/~eushe2/Bandura/Bandura1994AERJ.pdf>. Cited: May 7, 2016
Zimmerman, B.J.; Risemberg, R. Becoming a self-regulated writer: A social cognitive perspective. Contemporary Educational Psychology, v.22, n.1, p.73-101, 1997. http://dx. doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1997.0919