Nutrição e AIDS
Palabras clave:
nutrição, sindrome de imunodeficiência adquirida, avaliação nutricionalResumen
O vírus da imunodeficiência humana torna o indivíduo infectado suscetível a infecções e ao câncer por impedir resposta imunológica adequada. A importância do estado nutricional para o paciente soropositivo está relacionada aos seus efeitos no sistema imunológico. A desnutrição, condição comum entre estes pacientes, também acarreta prejuízos ao sistema imunológico, tendo efeito sinérgico com as infecções. A multicausalidade da depleção destes pacientes envolve a fisiopatologia da doença bem como é resultante de sintomas provocados pela medicação. Os requerimentos nutricionais, energético, protéico e de nutrientes antioxidantes como selénio, zinco, vitaminas A, E, C e B, estão aumentados tanto em resposta a infecções oportunistas, bem como ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana em si. Por outro lado, os sinais e sintomas relacionados com a doença levam à diminuição do consumo alimentar. Uma avaliação nutricional meticulosa deve ser feita com frequência afim de intervir precocemente no estado nutricional, sobretudo em crianças, por afetar o curso normal do seu desenvolvimento. Mesmo perdas pequenas de peso (5%), bem como da massa celular magra, tem sido associadas a um prognóstico ruim. Intervenções nutricionais agressivas com uso de suplementos muitas vezes são necessárias para melhorar a condição do paciente. Apesar da deficiência nutricional não ser causa da desregulação imunológica apresentada pelos indivíduos infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana, a qualidade do estado nutricional é um coadjuvante importante no tratamento e na melhora da qualidade de vida destes pacientes.
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