Vascular endothelium. Part I
function and property
Keywords:
endothelium vascular-thendency, vaso motor system, homeostasis, vasoconstrictor agents, vasodilator agentsAbstract
TIte vascular endotltelium is a layer of alim cells that
covers the luminal surface of all the blood vessels. At
present we have observed that its function is not only of
a simple passiva diffusion barrier between the elemens
of the circulating blood and the interstitial tissue. The
intactendothelium provides a non-thombogenic interface between the vessel and the blood elements, favors vasodilatation in different stream conditions and parietal sress, besides promoting repairs in injured areas. Its integrity is essential to the regula Lion of blood stream and protection against thrombolysis. The endothelium can be considered the largest paracrim organ of the w}tote body, wich respond to many stimulus, locally producing and secreting, a wide number of metabolically active compounds, whicll act in NeibIlboring cells. The objective of this revision is to expose modern concepts of dlis important organic system.
Downloads
References
ALMEIDA, P.J., PIRES,J.P.G., MARQUEZINI, A.J. et al. Platelets, vessels and coagulation: basic mechanisms anc drug actions. Journal of Drug and Development, v.2, p.227-240, 1990.
BASSEGNE, F., HUCKSTOFF, C.H. Endothelium-mediated control of coronary circulation. Acta Cardiologica, Bruxelles, v.46, p.419-24, 1991.
BOES, M., DAKE, B.L., BAR, R.S. Interations of cultures endothelial cells with TGF-beta, bTGF, PDGF and IGF-I. Life Sciences, Oxford, v.48, p.811-821, 1991.
BRAUNGARTNER, H.R., MUGGLI, R., TSCHOPP, T.B., TURRITO, V.T. Platelet adhesion, release and aggregation in flowing blood: effects of surface properties and platelet function. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Stuttgart, v.35, p.124-138, 1976.
BROWN, M.S., GOLDSTEIN, J.L. A receptor-mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis. Science, Washington, DC, v.232, p.34-47, 1986.
CANNON, P.J. Eicosanoids and the blood vessels wall. Circulation, Dallas, v.70, p.523, 1984.
CHEN, G., SUZUKI, H. Some electrical propeties of the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in arterial smooth muscle cells of the rat. Journal of Physiology, London, v.421, p.521-534, 1989.
COCKS, T., ANGUS, J.A. l3ioassay of the release of enc.lothelium-derivec.lrelaxing [actor (EDRF) from isolated endothelial cells in vitro. ln: BEVAN, J.A., GODFRAIND, Y., MAXWELL, R.A., STOCLET, J.S., WORCEL, M. (eds). Vascular neuroeffects mechanisms. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1985. p.131-136.
DUSTING, G.J ., MONCADA, S, VANE, J.R. Prostaglandins, their intermediates and precursors: cardiovascular actions and regulatory roles in normal and abdominal circulatory systems. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, New York, NY, v.21, p.405, 1980.
DYNERMANM, J.L., MEHTA, J.L. Endothelium, platelet and leucocyt interactions in ischem is heart disease: insighs into potentical mechanisms and their clinicai relevance. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, New York, NY, v.16, p.207- 222, 1990.
FURCHGOTT, R.F., ZAWADZKI, J.V. The obligatory role endothelial cells in the relaxition of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature, London, v.288, p.373-376, 1980.
GRIFFITII, T.M., EDWARDS, D.II., LEWIS, M.J. et al. Evidence that cyclic guanosine monosphophate (cGMP) mediates endothelium relaxation. European Journal of Plrarmacology, Amsterdam, v.112, p.195- 202, 1985.
HARKER, LA., FUSTER, R.D., DETWILER, T.C. Pharmacology of platelet inhibitors. Journal of American College of Cardiology, New York, NY, v.8, p.2113-3213, 1986.
KOMURO, I., KURIKAWA, H., SUGIYAMA, T., TAKAFU, F., YASAKI, Y. Endothelin stimulates cfos and c-nycexpression and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. FEBs Letter, Amsterdam, v.238, p.249-252, 1988.
KROLL, M.H., SCHAFER, A.L. Biochemical mechanisms of platelet activation. Blood, Duluth, v.74, p.1181-1195, 1989.
LAIHO, M. KESKI-OJA, J. Growth factores in the regulation of pericellular proteolysis: a review. Cancer Researclr, Baltimore, v.49, p.2433-2553, 1989.
LUSCHER, T.F., BOCK, H.A., YANG, Z. et al. Endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting [actors: perspectives in nephrology. Kidney lnternational, New York, NY, v.39, p.575-590, 1991.
---- DIEDERICH, D. et al. Endothelium dependent responses in carotid arteries of normotensive and hypertension. Hypertension, Dallas, v.11, p.573-578, 1988.
MEHTA, J. Plaquetas and prostaglandins in coronay heart disease: rationale for use of platelet-suppressive drugs. .JAMA, Chicago, v.249, p.2818, 1983.
MEHTA, P., MEHTA, J., LAWSON, D., KROP, L., LETTS, L.G. Leukotrienes potentiate the effects of epinephrine and trombin on human platelet aggregation. Thrombosis Research, Elmsford, v.41, p.731, 1986.
MONCADA, S., VANE, J.R. Physiology in mediei ne arachidonio acid metabolites and lhe interactions betwecn platelets and blood-vassel walls. New Englandlournal of Medicine, Boston, v.298, p.1122, 1978.
MULLANE, K.M., SALMON, J.A., KRAEMER, R. Leukocyte-derived metabolites of arachidonio acid in ischcmic-induced myocardial injury. Pediatric Progress, v.46, p.2422, 1987.
NEEDLEMAN, P., TURK, J., JAKSCHIK, B.A. MORRISON, A.R., LEFKOWITH, J.B. Arachidonic acid metabolism. Annual Review of Bioclremist,y, Palo Alto, v.69, p.102, 1986.
PALMER, R.M., ASIITON, O.S., MONCADA, S. Vascular endothelial cells synthetize nitric oxide [rom L-arginine. Nature, Lonc.lon, v.333, p.664-666, 1988.
PHOL, V., BUSSE, R. Endothelium-dependent modulation of vascular tone and platelet function. European Hearl Journal, London, v.11, p.35-42, supplement B, 1990.
RUBANYI, G.M., LOREMZ, R.R., VANHOUTTE, P.M. Bioassay of endothelium-derivcd relaxing factor(s): inactivation by catecholamines. American lournal of P/rysiology, Bethesda, v.249, p.1195-11101, 1985.
SAKSELLA, O., RIFKIN, D.B. Release of basic fibrobalast growth factor-heparan sulfate complexes from endothelial cells by plasminogen activator mediated proteolytic activity. Journal of Cell Biology, New York, NY, v.110, p.767-775, 1990.
VALLANCE, P., COLLER, J., MONCADA, S. Effects of endothelium derived nitric oxide on peripheric arteriolar tone in man. Lancet, London, v.2, p.997-1000, 1989.
VANE, J.R., ANGGARD, E.E., l3OTTING, R.M. Regulatory functions of the vascular endothelium. New England Journal of Medicine, Boston, v.323, p.27-35, 1990.
VERMYLEN,J., VERSTRAETE,M.,PUSTER, V. Role of platelet activation an fibrin formation in thrombogenesis.Journal of the American College of Cardiology, New York, NY, v.8, p.213-913, 1986
VRINTS, G., GERMAN, A.G. Role of cndothelium in the regulation of coronary artery tone. Acta Cardiologica, l3ruxelles, v.46, p.399-418, 1991.
YANAGISAWA, M., KURIHARA, H., KIMURA, S. Et al. A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide byvascular endothelial cells. Nature, London, v.332, p.411- 415, 1988
