REVIEWING DIABETES AND PREGNANCY
Keywords:
diabetes gestacional, pregnancy, metabolism, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy in diabetesAbstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic and evolutionary systemic disease that involves changes in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and electrolytes. Gestational diabetes, strictly speaking, is defined as carbohydrate intolerance, starting during pregnancy and disappearing after childbirth. The best proposition for diagnosis during pregnancy is to assess the pregnant woman's risk: for high-risk women, fasting blood glucose is recommended at the first prenatal consultation; for medium risk, between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation; in low-risk cases, there is no initial need for this exam. The influence of diabetes on pregnancy depends on glycemic control. However, its treatment requires motivation, adherence to the diet and, often, learning how to administer insulin and self-monitoring of the glycemic profile. Maintaining euglycemia in the preconception period and during pregnancy prevents hypertension during pregnancy, infectious and vascular complications, as well as fetal loss, congenital malformations and prematurity.
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