The study of energy expenditure through doubly labeled water
principles, use and applications
Keywords:
doubly labeled water, physical activity, energy expenditure, obesity, underreportingAbstract
The measurement of total energy expenditure is fundamental in nutritional and metabolic studies. Doubly labeled water is a form of indirect calorimetry, which measures precisely and accurately total energy expenditure in free-living individuals. This method has been applied for several ends, such as to measure energy expenditure during chronic illness and physical activity. It has also been used in studies concerning the consequences of malnutrition and the etiology of obesity, demonstrating the inter-racial differences in total energy expenditure in particular. The technique can also be used to validate other methods of physical activity assessment and total energy expenditure estimates. Although many validation studies have been conducted, none demonstrated good individual performance. Finally, the doubly labeled water has been widely applied in developed countries as a marker of energy intake, validating the energy intake estimates derived from dietary assessment methods. This application should also be encouraged in developing countries, in order to establish the error associated with energy intake estimates obtained by the dietary assessment methods used in the human nutrition studies of these nations.
References
Speakman JR. The history and theory of the doubly labeled water technique. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998; 68(4):S932-8.
Lifson N, Gordon GB, Visscher MB, Nier AO. The fate of utilized molecular oxygen and the source of the oxygen of respiratory carbon dioxide, studied with the aid of heavy oxygen. J Biol Chem. 1949; 180:803-11.
Lifson N, Gordon GB, Mcclintock R. Measurement of total carbon dioxide production by means of D218O. J Appl Physiol. 1955; 7(6):704-10.
Roberts S. Use of the doubly labeled water method for measurement of energy expenditure, total body water, water intake, and metabolizable energy intake in humans and small animals. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1989; 67(10):1190-8.
Nagy KA. Introduction. In: Prentice AM, editor. The doubly labelled water method for measuring energy expenditure. Technical recomendations for use in humans. Vienna: International Dietary Energy Consultancy Group; 1990. p.1-16.
Schoeller DA, Leitch CA, Brown C. Doubly labeled water method: in vivo oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation. Am J Physiol. 1986; 20(6 Pt 2):1137-43.
Weir JB. New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. J Psysiol. 1949; 109 (1-2):1-9.
Elia M. Converting carbon dioxide production to energy expenditure. In: Prentice AM, editor. The doubly labelled water method for measuring energy expenditure. Technical recomendations for use in humans. Vienna: International Dietary Energy Consultancy Group; 1990. p.193-211.
Black AE, Prentice AM, Coward WA. Use of food quotients to predict respiratory quotients for the doubly-labelled water method of measuring energy expenditure. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1986; 40(5):381-91.
Southgate DAT, Durnin JVGA. Calorie conversion factors. An experimental reassessment of the factors used in the calculation of the energy value of human diets. Br J Nutr. 1970; 24(2):517-35.
Coward WA. Calculation of pool sizes and flux rates. In: Prentice AM, editor. The doubly-labelled- -water method for measuring energy expenditure. Technical recomendations for use in humans. Vienna: International Dietary Energy Consultancy Group; 1990. p. 48-68.
Coward WA. The doubly-labelled-water (2H218O) method: principles and practice. Proc Nutr Soc. 1988; 47(3):209-18.
Coward WA, Prentice AM, Murgatroyd PR, Davies HL, Cole TJ, Sawyer M, et al. Measurements of CO2 and water production rates in man using 2H18O; comparisons between calorimeter and isotopes values. In: Van Es AJH. A concerned action project on nutrition in the European Community, Wageningen: Agricultural University; 1984.
Schoeller DA, Webb P. Five-day comparison of the doubly labeled water method with respiratory gas exchange. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984; 40(1):153-8.
Prentice AM, Black AE, Coward WA, Davies HL, Goldberg GR, Murgatroyd PR, et al. High levels of energy exependiture in obese women. BMJ. 1986; 292(6526):983-7.
Prentice AM, Black AE, Coward WA, Cole TJ. Energy expenditure in overweight and obese adults in affluent societs: an analysis of 319 doubly labelled water measurements. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996; 50(2):93-7.
Buhl KM, Gallagher D, Hoy K, Matthews DE, Heymsfield SB. Unexplained disturbance in body weight regulation: Diagnostic outcome assessed by doubly labeled water and body composition analyses in obese patients reporting low energy intakes. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995; 95(12):1393-400.
Wong WW, Butte NF, Ellis KJ, Herenroader AC, Hill RB, Stuff JE, et al. Pubertal African-Americans girls expend less energy at rest and during physical activity than Caucasian girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999; 84(3):906-11.
Weinsier RL, Hunter GR, Zuckerman PA, Redden DT, Darnell BE, Larsson DE, et al. Energy expenditure and free-living physical activity in black and white women: comparison before and after weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 71(5):1138-46
Stunkard AJ, Berkowitz RI, Stallings VA, Schoeller DA. Energy intake, not energy output, is a determinant of body size in infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999; 69(3):524-30.
Goran MI, Shewchuk R, Gower BA, Nagy TR, Carpenter WH, Johnson RK. Longitudinal changes in fatness in white children: no effect of childhood energy expenditure. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998; 67(2):309-16.
Schoeller DA, Shay K, Kushner RF. How much physical activity is needed to minimize weight gain in previously obese women? Am J Clin Nutr. 1997; 66(3):551-6.
Westerterp KR, Saris WHM, Van Es M, Ten Hoor F. Use of the doubly labeled water technique in humans during heavy sustained exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1986; 61(6):2161-7.
Ebine N, Feng JY, Homma M, Saitoh S, Jones PJ. Total energy expenditure of elite synchronized swimmers measured by the doubly labeled water method. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000; 83(1):1-6.
Branth S, Hambreus L, Westerterp K, Anderssen A, Edsgren R, Mustelin M, et al. Energy turnover in a sailing crew during off-shore racing around the world. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996; 28(10): 1272-6.
Pulfrey SM, Jones PJ. Energy expenditure and requirement while climbing above 6,000m. J Appl Physiol. 1996; 81(3):1306-11.
Blanc S, Normand S, Ritz P, Pachiaudi C, Vico L, Gharib C, et al. Energy and water metabolism, body composition, and hormonal changes induced by 42 days of enforced inactivity and simulated microgravity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998; 83(12):4289-97.
Eliakim A, Brasel JA, Mohan S, Wong WLT, Cooper DM. Increased physical activity and the growth hormone IGF-I-axis in adolescents. Am J Physiol. 1998; 275(1 Pt 2):R308-14.
Hayes S, Davies PS, Parker T, Bashford J. Total energy expenditure and body composition changes following peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and participation in an exercise program. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2003; 31(5):331-8.
Borgonha S, Shetty PS, Kurpad AV. Total energy expenditure & physical activity level in chronically energy deficient Indian males measured by the doubly labelled water technique. Ind J Med Res. 2000; 111:138-46.
Hoffman DJ, Sawaya AL, Coward WA, Wright A, Tucker K, Roberts SB. Energy expenditure of stunded and nonstunted boys and girls living in the shantytowns of São Paulo. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 72(4):1025-31.
Wren RE, Blume H, Mazariegos M, Solomons N, Alvarez JO, Goran MI. Body composition, resting metabolic rate, and energy requirements of short- and normal-stature, low-income Guatemalan children. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997; 66(2):406-12
Slinde F, Ellegard L, Gronberg AM, Larsson S, Rossander-Hulthen L. Total energy expenditure in underweight patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease living at home. Clin Nutr. 2003; 22(2):159-65.
Livingstone MB, Coward WA, Prentice AM, Davies PS, Strain JJ, Mckenna PG, et al. Daily energy expenditure in free-living children: comparison of heart-rate monitoring with the doubly labeled water method. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992; 56(2): 343-52.
Lovelady CA, Meredith CN, McCrory MA, Nommsen LA, Joseph I, Dewey KG. Energy expenditure in lactating women: a comparison of doubly labeled water and heart rate monitoring methods. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993; 57(4):512-8.
Johnson RK, Russ J, Goran MI. Physical activity related energy expenditure in children by doubly labeled water as compared with the Caltrac accelerometer. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998; 22(11):1046-52
Ekelund U, Sjoström M, Yngve A, Poortvliet E, Nilsson A, Froberg K, et al. Physical activity assessed by a activity monitor and doubly labeled water in children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001; 33(2): 275-81
Lof M, Hannestad U, Forsum E. Assessing physical activity of women of childbearing age. Ongoing work to develop and evaluate simple methods. Food Nutr Bull. 2002; 23(3 Suppl):30-3.
Conway JM, Seale JL, Jacobs Jr DR, Irwin ML, Ainsworth BE. Comparison of energy expenditure estimates from doubly labeled water, a physical activity questionnaire, and physical activity records. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002; 75(3):519-25.
Philippaerts RM, Westerterp KR, Lefevre J. Doubly labelled water validation of three physical activity questionnaires. Int J Sports Med. 1999; 20(5): 284-9.
. Bonnefoy M, Normand S, Pachiaudi C, Lacour JR, Laville M, Kostka T. Simultaneous validation of ten physical activity questionnaires in older man: a doubly labeled water study. JAGS. 2001; 49(1): 28-35.
Livingstone MBE, Black AE. Markers of the validity of reported energy intake. J Nutr. 2003; 133 Suppl 3:S895-920.
Scagliusi FB, Lancha Junior AH. Subnotificação da ingestão energética na avaliação do consumo alimentar. Rev Nutr. 2003; 16(4):471-81.
Bellisle F. The doubly-labeled-water method and food intake surveys: a confrontation. Rev Nutr. 2001; 14(2):125-33.
Goris AH, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Westerterp KR. Undereating and underrecording of habitual food intake in obese men: selective underreporting of fat intake. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 71(1):130-4.
Sawaya AL, Tucker K, Tsay R, Willett W, Saltzman E, Dallal GE, et al. Evaluation of four methods for determining energy intake in young and older women: comparison with doubly labeled water measurements of total energy expenditure. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996; 63(4):491-9.
Perks SM, Roemmich JN, Sandow-Pajewski M, Clark PA, Thomas E, Weltman A, et al. Alterations in growth and body composition during puberty. IV. Energy intake estimated by the Youth-Adolescent Food-Frequency Questionnaire: validation by the doubly labeled water method. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 72(6):1455-60.
Herbert JR, Ebbeling CB, Matthews CE, Hurley TG, Yunsheng MA, Druker S, et al. Systematic errors in middle-aged women’s estimates of energy intake: comparing three self-reports measures to total energy expenditure from doubly labeled water. Ann Epidemiol. 2002; 12(8):577-86
Tran KM, Johnson RK, Soultanakis RP, Matthews DE. In-person vs. telephone-administered multiple- -pass 24-hour recall in women: validation with doubly labeled water. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000; 100(7):777-83.
Lindquist CH, Cummings T, Goran MI. Use of taperecorded food records in assessing children’s dietary intake. Obes Res. 2000; 8(1):2-11.
Kaczkowski CH, Jones PJ, Feng JY, Bayley HS. Four-day multimedia diet records underestimate energy needs in middle-aged and eldery women as determined by doubly
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Fernanda Baeza SCAGLIUSI, Antonio Herbert LANCHA JÚNIOR
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
