Body image dissatisfaction and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV/AIDS
Keywords:
Nutritional status, HIV, Body image, Overweight, Antiretroviral therapyAbstract
Objective
This study assessed the association between body image dissatisfaction and adherence to antiretroviral therapy.
Methods
Eighty individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome participated in the study. A self report inventory on adherence to therapy and figure rating scales were used to assess body image dissatisfaction. Statistical treatment included descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, chi-square test and estimation of odds ratio.
Results
The results showed that body image dissatisfaction was high in men and women (75.0%). Body image dissatisfaction was more likely to be present in overweight individuals (40.0% vs 15.0%; p=0.041) and individuals with symptoms of depression, but these differences were not significant (28.3% vs 15.0%; p=0.233). Sixty-two percent of the women with body image dissatisfaction were overweight and 58.0% of the men were normal weight. Men were more likely to adhere to treatment than women (52.3% vs 22.2%; p=0.006). There was a positive and significant association between body image dissatisfaction and low adherence to antiretroviral therapy (OR=4.69 CI: 1.491-17.792; p=0.003).
Conclusion
This study found that body image dissatisfaction is associated with excess weight and low adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Thus, interventions to reduce body image dissatisfaction in people undergoing antiretroviral therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome are recommended.
References
Slama L, Le Camus C, Amiel C, Pialoux G, Gharakhanian S. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy during HIV infection, a multidisciplinary approach. Med Mal Infect. 2006; 36(1):16-26. doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2005.10.0.
Gir E, Vaichulonis CG, Oliveira MD. Adesão à terapêutica anti-retroviral por indivíduos com HIV/ AIDS assistidos em uma instituição do interior paulista. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2005; 13(5):634-41. doi: 10.1590/S0104-116920050005 00005.
Tourette-Turgis C, Rébillon M. La consultation d´aide à l´observance des traitements de l´infection à VIH. L´approche MOTHIV: acompagnement et éducation thérapeutique. Paris: Comment Dire; 2008.
Bonolo PF, Gomes RRFM, Guimarães MDC. Adesão à terapia antiretroviral (HIV/AIDS): fatores associados e medidas de adesão. Epidemiol Serv Saúde. 2007; 16(4):261-78.
Geocze L, Mucci S, De Marco MA, NogueiraMartins LA, Citero VA. Quality of life and adherence to HAART in HIV-infected patients. Rev Saúde Pública. 2010; 44(4):743-9. doi: 10.1590/S0034-89 102010000400019
Plankey M, Bacchetti P, Jin C, Grimes B, Hyman C, Cohen M, et al. self-perception of body fat changes and haart adherence in the women’s interagency HIV study. AIDS Behav. 2009; 13(1):53-59. doi: 10.1007/s10461-008-9444-7
Clark RA, Niccolai L, Kissinger PJ, Peterson Y, Bouvier V. Ethnic differences in body image attitudes and perceptions among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999; 99(6):735-7. doi:10.1016/S0002-82 23(99)00398-3.
Leite LHM, Sampaio ABMM. Metabolic abnormalities and overweight in HIV/AIDS persons treated with antiretroviral therapy. Rev Nutr. 2008; 21(3):277-83. doi: 10.1590/S1415-52732008000300002.
Leite LHM, Sampaio ABMM. Progression to overweight, obesity and associated factors after antiretroviral therapy initiation among Brazilian persons with HIV/AIDS. Nutr Hosp. 2010; 25(4): 635-40. doi:10.3305/nh.2010.25.4.4481.
Crum-Cianflone NF, Roediger M, Eberly LE, Vyas K, Landrum ML, Ganesan et al. Infectious disease clinical research program HIV working group. obesity among HIV-infected persons: impact of weight on CD4 cell count. AIDS. 2010; 24(7): 1069-72. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328337fe01.
Martinez SM, Kemper CA, Diamond C, Wagner G; California Collaborative Treatment Group. Body image in patients with HIV/AIDS: assessment of a new psychometric measure and its medical correlates. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2005; 19(3): 150-6. doi:10.1089/apc.2005.19.150.
Sharma A, Howard AA, Schoenbaum EE, Buono D, Webber MP. Body image in middle-aged HIV-infected and uninfected women. AIDS Care. 2006; 18(8):998-1003. doi: 10.1080/095401205 00521517.
Slade PD. What is body image? Behav Res Ther. 1994; 32(5):497-502.doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94) 90136-8.
Auto-questionário de avaliação de adesão e cofatores de não adesão. [acesso 2009 4 jun]. Disponível em: <http://www.counselingvih.org/pt/action/outils_traitement_observance.php>.
Kakeshita IS, Almeida SS. Relação entre índice de massa corporal e a percepção da auto-imagem corporal em universitários. Rev Saúde Pública. 2006; 40(3):497-504. doi: 10.1590/S0034-89102 006000300019.
Campião W, Moreira-Vaz E, Leite LHM. Auto-percepção da imagem corporal entre indivíduos portadores do vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Rev Bras Nutr Clin. 2010; 25(3):177-81.
Kelly JS, Langdon D, Serpell L. The phenomenology of body image in men living with HIV. AIDS Care. 2009; 21(12):1560-7. doi: 10.1080/0954012090 2923014.
Huang JS, Lee D, Becerra K, Santos R, Barber E, Mathews WC. Body image in men with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2006; 20(10):668-77. doi:10.10 89/apc.2006.20.668.
Huang JS, Harrity S, Lee D, Becerra K, Santos R, Mathews WC. Body image in women with HIV: a cross-sectional evaluation. AIDS Res Ther. 2006; 6(3):17. doi: 10.1186/1742-6405-3-17.
Coqueiro RS, Petroski EL, Pelegrini A, Barbosa AR. Insatisfação com a imagem corporal: avaliação comparativa da associação com estado nutricional em universitários. Rev Psiquiatr. 2008; 30(1):31-8. doi: 10.1590/S0101-81082008000100009.
Saur AM, Pasian SR. Satisfação com a imagem corporal em adultos de diferentes pesos corporais. Aval Psicol. 2008; 7(2):199-209.
Masset KVSB, Safons MP. Excesso de peso e insatisfação com a imagem corporal em mulheres. Arq Sanny Pesq Saúde. 2008; 1(1):38-48.
Almeida GAN, Santos JE, Pasian SR, Loureiro SR. Percepção de tamanho e forma corporal de mulheres: estudo exploratório. Psicol Estud. 2005; 10(1): 27-35. doi: 10.1590/S1413-73722005000100005
Sueoka K, Goulet JL, Fiellin DA, Rimland D, Butt AA, Gilbert C, et al. Depression symptoms and treatment among HIV infected and uninfected veterans. AIDS Behav. 2010; 14(2):272-9. doi: 10.1 007/s10461-008-9428-7.
Guaraldi G, Murri R, Orlando G, Giovanardi C, Squillace N, Vandelli M, et al. Severity of lipodystrophy is associated with decreased health-related quality of life. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2008; 22(7): 577-85. doi: 10.1089/apc.2007.0173.
Blashill AJ, Vander Wal JS. The role of body image dissatisfaction and depression on HAART adherence in HIV positive men: tests of mediation models. AIDS Behav. 2010; 14(2):280-8. doi: 10.1007/s10461-009-9630-2.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Luísa Helena Maia LEITE, Alma PAPA, Rosane Castanheiras VALENTINI
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.