Can birth weight influence nutritional status, physical activity levels and health-related physical fitness levels of children and adolescents?
Keywords:
Motor activity, Infant, low birth whight, Nutritional status, ProgrammingAbstract
Heath-related physical fitness is defined as a set of physiological attributes that are necessary for performing daily physical activities without excessive fatigue. Physical activity and nutritional status can influence the individual’s physical fitness levels directly. However, the appropriate supply of nutrients in early life is crucial for the growth and development of organs and systems. Birth weight is associated with intrauterine development and to the incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Recently, birth weight has been associated with health-related physical fitness levels. The underlying mechanism may be related to the effects of insults that occur during a critical period of human development, with changes in the standard cellular events. The acquisition of mature physiological body patterns and the occurrence of metabolic events are affected, resulting in impaired physical fitness. The present study proposes an analysis on physical fitness, nutritional status and birth weight. The keywords used were: physical fitness, programming, physical activity, nutritional status and low birth weight. In conclusion, low-birth weight individuals present changes in the nutritional status which have a negative impact on physical activity and health-related physical fitness.
References
Wilder RP, Greene JA, Winters KL, Long WB, Gubler K, Edlich RF. Physical fitness assessment: an update. J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2006; 16(2):193-204. doi: 5411b78b6ac8ee0f,21dd375d517fa227.
Douris P, Chinan A, Gomez M, Aw A, Steffens D, Weiss S. Fitness levels of middle aged martial art practitioners. Br J Sports Med. 2004; 38(2):143-7. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2002.001768
Church TS, LaMonte MJ, Barlow CE, Blair SN. Cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index as predictors of cardiovascular disease mortality among men with diabetes. Arch Intern Med. 2005; 165(18):2114-20. doi: 165/18/211410.1001/ archinte.165.18.2114.
Lohman TG, Ring K, Pfeiffer K, Camhi S, Arredondo E, Pratt C, et al. Relationships among fitness, body composition, and physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008; 40(6):1163-70. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0 b013e318165c86b.
Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN, Duncan PW, Judge JO, King AC, et al. Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007; 116(9):1094-105. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 107.185649.
Carnethon MR, Sternfeld B, Schreiner PJ, Jacobs Jr DR, Lewis CE, Liu K, et al. Association of 20-year changes in cardiorespiratory fitness with incident type 2 diabetes: the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) fitness study. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32(7):1284-8. doi: 10.2 337/dc08-1971.
Wei M, Kampert JB, Barlow CE, Nichaman MZ, Gibbons LW, Paffinbarger Jr RSP, et al. Relationship between low cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality in normal-weight, overweight, and obese men. JAMA. 1999; 282(16):1547-53. doi: 10.1001/jama.2 82.16.1547.
Laukkanen JA, Kurla S, Salonena R, Rauramaa R, Salonen JT. The predictive value of cardiorespiratory fitness for cardiovascular events in men with various risk profiles: a prospective population-based cohort study. Eur Heart J. 2004; 25(16):1428-37. doi: 10.1 016/j.ehj.2004.06.021.
Jurca R, Jackson AS, LaMonte MJ, Morrow Jr. JR, Blair SN, Wareham NJ, et al. Assessing cardiorespiratory fitness without performing exercise testing. Am J Prev Med. 2005; 29(3):185-93. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.06.004.
Carnethon MR, Gulati M, Greenland P. Prevalence and cardiovascular disease correlates of low cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents and adults. JAMA. 2005; 294(23):2981-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.2 94.23.2981.
Hussey J, Bell C, Bennett K, O’Dwyer J, Gormley J. Relationship between the intensity of physical activity, inactivity, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in 7-10-year-old Dublin children. Br J Sports Med. 2007; 41(5):311-6. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2 006.032045.
Bell LM, Watts K, Siafarikas A, Thompson A, Ratnam N, Bulsara M, et al. Exercise alone reduces insulin resistance in obese children independently of changes in body composition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 92(11):4230-5. doi: 10.1210/jc.20 07-0779.
Vuori IM. Dose-response of physical activity and low back pain, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001; 33(6 Suppl):S551-86; discussion 609-10. doi: 0195-9131/01/3306-0551.
FitzGerald SJ, Barlow CE, Kampert JB, Morrow Jr JR, Jackson AW, Blair SN. Muscular fitness and all-cause mortality: prospective observations. J Phys Activ Health. 2004; 1(1):7-18
Hopper D, Deacon S, Das S, Jain A, Riddell D, Hall T, et al. Dynamic soft tissue mobilisation increases hamstring flexibility in healthy male subjects. Br J Sports Med. 2005; 39:594-8. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.20 04.011981.
Gale CR, Martyn CN, Cooper C, Sayer AA. Grip strength, body composition, and mortality. Int J Epidemiol. 2007; 36(1):228-35. doi: 10.1093/ije/d yl224.
Prista A, Maia JA, Damasceno A, Beunen G. Anthropometric indicators of nutritional status: implications for fitness, activity, and health in school-age children and adolescents from Maputo, Mozambique. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003; 77(4):952-9.
Shang X, Liu A, Li Y, Hu X, Du L, Ma J, et al. The association of weight status with physical fitness among Chinese children. Int J Pediatrics. 2010; 2010(2010):1-6. doi: 10.1155/2010/515414.
Huang YC, Malina RM. Physical activity and healthrelated physical fitness in Taiwanese adolescents. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci. 2002; 21(1):11-9.
Vuori I. Health benefits of physical activity with special reference to interaction with diet. Public Health Nutr. 2001; 4(2):517-28. doi: 10.1079/PHN 2001137
Bovet P, Auguste R, Burdette H. Strong inverse association between physical fitness and overweight in adolescents: a large school-based survey. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2007; 4(24):1-8. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-4-24.
Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985; 100(2):126-31.
Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC, Irwin ML, Swartz AM, Strath SJ, et al. Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000; 32(9 Suppl):S498-504. doi: 0195-9131/00/3209-0498/0.
World Health Organization. Exercise for health. Bull World Health Organ. 1995; 73(2):135-6. doi: cgi-bin/ wxislind.exe/iah1995/73.
Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology Canada’s physical activity guideline for children. Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada. Canada: Health Canada; 2002.
Volek JS, Gomez AL, Love DM, Weyers AM, Hesslink R, Jr., Wise JA, et al. Effects of an 8-week weightloss program on cardiovascular disease risk factors and regional body composition. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002; 56(7):585-92. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601362
Lakka TA, Laaksonen DE. Physical activity in prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007; 32(1):76-88. doi: 10.1139/H06-113.
Hanley AJ, Harris SB, Gittelsohn J, Wolever TM, Saksvig B, Zinman B. Overweight among children and adolescents in a Native Canadian community: prevalence and associated factors. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 71(3):693-700
World Health Organization. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Geneva: WHO; 1995. Technical Report Series, 854.
Vaz M, Thangam S, Prabhu A, Shetty PS. Maximal voluntary contraction as a functional indicator of adult chronic undernutrition. Br J Nutr. 1996; 76(1): 9-15. doi: 10.1079/BJN19960005.
Serrano M, Collazos JFR, Romero SM, Santurino M, Armesilla C, Cerrod JLPd, et al. Handgrip strength in children and teenagers aged from 6 to 18 years: Reference values and relationship with size and body composition. An Pediatr. 2009; 70(4):340-8. doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2008.11.025.
Paiva MG, Marinho S, Amaral P, Canon F, Barros K, Magalhães de Castro R, et al. Mechanical Properties of the plantar flexor muscles in malnourished prepubertal children. Comp Method Biomechanics Biomed Eng. 2008; 11(suppl001):179-80. doi: 10.1080/10255 840802298737.
Kim J, Must A, Fitzmaurice GM, Gillman MW, Chomitz V, Kramer E, et al. Relationship of physical fitness to prevalence and incidence of overweight among schoolchildren. Obes Res. 2005; 13(7): 1246-54. doi: 10.1038/oby.2005.148.
Deforche B, Lefevre J, Bourdeaudhuij ID, Hills AP, Duquet W, Bouckaert J. Physical fitness and physical activity in obese and nonobese Flemish youth. Obes Res. 2003; 11(3):434-41. doi: 10.1038/oby.200 3.59.
Kilbride HW, Gelatt MC, Sabath RJ. Pulmonary function and exercise capacity for ELBW survivors in preadolescence: effect of neonatal chronic lung disease. J Pediatr. 2003; 143(4):488-93. doi: 10.1 067/S0022-3476(03)00413-X
Jensen CB, Storgaard H, Madsbad S, Richter EA, Vaag AA. Altered skeletal muscle fiber composition and size precede whole-body insulin resistance in young men with low birth weight. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 92(4):1530-4. doi: 10.1210/jc.2006- 2360
Hales CN, Barker DJ. The thrifty phenotype hypothesis. Br Med Bull. 2001; 60(1):5-20. doi: 10.1 093/bmb/60.1.5.
Kramer MS. Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 1987; 65(5):663-737.
Lucas A. Programming by early nutrition in man. Ciba Found Symp. 1991; 156(4):38-50; discussion5. doi: 10.1002/9780470514047.ch4.
Lucas A. Long-term programming effects of early nutrition-implications for the preterm infant. J Perinatol. 2005; 25(Suppl 2):S2-6. doi: 10.1038/s j.jp.7211308.
Barker DJ. Early growth and cardiovascular disease. Arch Dis Child. 1999; 80(4):305-7. doi: 10.1136/a dc.80.4.305.
Rogers M, Fay TB, Whitfield MF, Tomlinson J, Grunau RE. Aerobic capacity, strength, flexibility and activity level in unimpaired extremely low birth weight (
Smith LJ, van Asperen PP, McKay KO, Selvadurai H, Fitzgerald DA. Reduced exercise capacity in children born very preterm. Pediatrics. 2008; 122(2): 287-93. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-3657.
Burns YR, Danks M, O’Callaghan MJ, Gray PH, Cooper D, Poulsen L, et al. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008; 51(2):136-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03 118.x
Kriemler S, Keller H, Saigal S, Bar-Or O. Aerobic and lung performance in premature children with and without chronic lung disease of prematurity. Clin J Sport Med. 2005; 15(5):349-55. doi: 00 042752-200509000-00011.
Whitfield MF, Grunau RE. Teenagers born at extremely low birth weight. Paediatr Child Health. 2006; 11(5):275-7.
Bass S, Eser P, Daly R. The effect of exercise and nutrition on the mechanostat. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2005; 5(3):239-54.
Maccari S, Darnaudery M, Morley-Fletcher S, Zuena AR, Cinque C, van Reeth O. Prenatal stress and long-term consequences: implications of glucocorticoid hormones. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2003; 27(1-2): 119-27. doi: 10.1016/S0149-7634(03)00014-9.
Weinstoc M. Does prenatal stress impair coping and regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis! Neurosci Biobehavi Rev. 1997; 21(1):1-10.
Tong JF, Yan X, Yan X, Ford SP, Nathanielsz PW, Du M. Maternal obesity downregulates myogenesis and E-catenin signaling in fetal skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 296(4):917-24. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.90924.2008.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 João Wellington Oliveira BARROS, Marcelus Brito de ALMEIDA, Marcos André Moura dos SANTOS, Paulo Roberto de SANTANA, Florisbela de Arruda Câmara e Siqueira CAMPOS, Carol Góis LEANDRO
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
