Hand grip strength test and its use in nutritional assessment
Keywords:
Handgrip strength, Nutritional status, Reference valuesAbstract
This paper reviews the methodological and physiological aspects of hand grip strength measurement. Hand grip strength assesses skeletal muscle function and has received increasing attention from physicians and health-related researchers in the last years. Recently, it has deserved particular attention as an indicator of nutritional status, particularly in hospitalized patients. Sex, age, height, body mass and the dominant hand of the subjects are the main factors that influence the measure. The results of this review demonstrate that many other factors associated with the assessment protocol, such as the position of the individual, the type of
instrument used, the number of measurements performed, the rest periods between measurements, the presence of verbal stimulation and a warm-up prior to the test can also influence the results. Therefore, it is important to develop a standardized protocol to improve the reliability of the measurements for this variable. Normative data for hand grip strength are still scarce and the literature still resents from the existence of reference values from population-based studies.
Downloads
References
Klidjian AM, Foster KJ, Kammerling RM, Cooper A, Karran SJ. Relation of anthropometric and dynamometric variables to serious postoperative complications. BMJ. 1980; 281(6245):899-901.
Bohannon RW. Hand-grip dynamometry provides a valid indication of upper extremity strength impairment in home care patients. J Hand Ther. 1998; 11(4): 258-60.
Bohannon RW. Adoption of hand-held dynamometry. Percept Mot Skills. 2001; 92(1):150.
Bohannon RW. Dynamometer measurements of hand-grip strength predict multiple outcomes. Percept Mot Skills. 2001; 93(2):323-8.
Stalenhoef PA, Diederiks JPM, Knottnerus JA, Kester ADM, Crebolder HFJM. A risk model for the prediction of recurrent falls in community-dwelling elderly: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Epidemiol. 2002; 55(11):1088-94.
Innes E. Handgrip strength testing: a review of literature. Aust Occup Ther J. 1999; 46(3):120-40.
Vaz M, Thangam S, Prabhu A, Shetty PS. Maximal voluntary contraction as a functional indicator of adult chronic undernutrition. Br J Nutr. 1996; 76(1):9-15.
Qureshi AR, Alvestrand A, Danielsson A, DivinoFilho JC, Gutierrez A, Lindholm B, et al. Factors predicting malnutrition in hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study. Kidney Int. 1998; 53(3): 773-82.
Le Cornu KA, McKiernan FJ, Kapadia SA, Neuberger JM2nd. A prospective randomized study of preoperative nutritional supplementation in patients awaiting elective orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation. 2000; 69(7): 1364-9.
Teraoka T. Studies on the peculiarity of grip strength in relation to body positions and aging. Kobe J Med Sci. 1979; 25(1):1-17.
Wang AY, Sea MM, Ho ZS, Lui S, Li PK, Woo J. Evaluation of handgrip strength as a nutritional marker and prognostic indicator in peritoneal dialysis patients. Am J Clin Nut. 2005; 81(1):79-86.
Watanabe W, Owashi K, Kanauchi Y, Mura N, Takahara M, Ogino T. The short-term reliability of grip strength measurement and the effects of posture and grip span. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2005; 30(3):603-9.
Schmidt RT, Toews JV. Grip strength as measured by the Jamar dynamometer. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 1970; 51(6):321-7.
Mathiowetz V, Kashman N, Volland G, Weber K, Dowe M, Rogers S. Grip and pinch strength: normative data for adults. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 1985; 66(2):69-72.
Härkönen R, Piirtomaa M, Alaranta H. Grip strength and hand position of the dynamometer in 204 Finnish adults. J Hand Surg [Br]. 1993; 18(1):129-32.
Crosby CA, Wehbé MA, Mawr B. Hand strength: normative values. J Hand Surg. 1994; 19(4):665-70.
Caporrino FA, Faloppa F, Santos JBG, Réssio C, Soares FHC, Nakachima LR, et al. Estudo populacional de força de preensão palmar com dinamômetro Jamar®. Rev Bras Ortop. 1998; 33(2): 150-4.
Hanten WP, Chen WY, Austin AA, Brooks RE, Carter HC, Law CA, et al. Maximum grip strength in normal subjects from 24 to 64 years of age. J Hand Ther. 1999; 12:193-200.
Incel NA, Ceceli E, Durukan PB, Erdem HR, Yorgancioglu ZR. Grip strength: Effect of hand dominance. Singapore Med J. 2002; 43(5):234-7.
Boadella JM, Kuijer PP, Sluiter JK, Frings-Dresen MH. Effect of self-selected handgrip position on maximal handgrip strength. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2005; 86(2):328-31.
Bechtol CO. The use of a dynamometer with adjustable handle spacings. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1954; 36(4):820-4; 32.
Armstrong CA, Oldham JA. A comparison of dominant and nondominant hand strengths. J Hand Surg [Br]. 1999; 24(4):421-5.
Luna-Heredia E, Martín-Peña G, Ruiz-Galiana J. Handgrip dynamometry in healthy adults. Clin Nutr. 2005; 24(2):250-8.
Hillman TE, Nunes QM, Hornby ST, Stanga Z, Neal KR, Rowlands BJ, et al. A practical posture for hand grip dynamometry in the clinical setting. Clin Nutr. 2005; 24(2):224-8.
Johansson CA, Kent BE, Shepard KF. Relationship between verbal command volume and magnitude of muscle contraction. Phys Ther. 1983; 63(8): 1260-5.
Hornby ST, Nunes QM, Hillman TE, Stanga Z, Neal KR, Rowlands BJ, et al. Relationships between structural and functional measures of nutritional status in a normally nourished population. Clin Nutr. 2005; 24(3):421-6.
Trossman PB, Li PW. The effect of the duration of intertribal rest periods on isometric grip strength performance in young adults. Occup Ther J Res. 1989; 9:362-78.
Agnew P, Maas F. An interim Australian version of the Jebsen test of hand function. Aust J Physiother. 1982; 28(2):23-9.
Butler M. Grip strength: a comparative study. New Zealand J Occup Ther. 1997; 48:5-12.
Schlüssel MM, Anjos LA, Vasconcellos MTL, Kac G. Referente values of handgrip dynamometry of health adults: A populatin-based study. Clin Nutr. 2008; doi: 10.1016/j.clin.2008.04.004.
Lopes J, Russell DM, Whitwell J, Jeejeebhoy, KN. Skeletal muscle function in malnutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982; 36(4):602-10.
Russell DM, Leiter LA, Whitwell J, Marliss EB, Jeejeebhoy KN. Skeletal muscle function during hypocaloric diets and fasting: a comparison with standard nutritional assessment parameters. Am J Clin Nutr. 1983; 37(1):133-8.
Jeejeebhoy KN. Muscle function and nutrition. Gut. 1986; 27(S1):25-39.
Figueiredo FA, Dickson ER, Pasha TM, Porayko MK, Therneau TM, Malinchoc M, et al. Utility of standard nutritional parameters in detecting body cell mass depletion in patients with end-stage liver disease. Liver Transpl. 2000; 6(5):575-81.
Russell DM, Prendergast PJ, Darby PL, Garfinkel PE, Whitwell J, Jeejeebhoy KN. A comparison between muscle function and body composition in anorexia nervosa: the effect of refeeding. Am J Clin Nutr. 1983; 38(2):229-37.
Griffith CDM, Clark RG. A comparison of the ‘Sheffield’ prognostic index with forearm muscle dynamometry in patients from Sheffield undergoing major abdominal and urological surgery. Clin Nutr. 1984; 3(3):147-51.
Webb AR, Newman LA, Taylor M, Keogh JB. Hand grip dynamometry as a predictor of postoperative complications reappraisal using age standardized grip strengths. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1989; 13(1):30-3.
Kalfarentzos F, Spiliotis J, Velimezis G, Dougenis D, Androulakis J. Comparison of forearm muscle dynamometry with nutritional prognostic index, as a preoperative indicator in cancer patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1989; 13(1):34-6.
Hirsch S, De la Maza MP, Obaldia N, Espinoza J, Hübner C, Petermann M, et al. Fuerza muscular: um indicador de estado nutritivo. Rev Med Chile. 1992; 120(6):615-20.
Guo C, Zhang W, Ma D, Zhang K, Huang J. Hand grip strength: an indicator of nutritional state and the mix of postoperative complications in patients with oral and maxillofacial cancers. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996; 34(4):325-7.
Figueiredo F, Dickson ER, Pasha T, Kasparova P, Therneau T, Malinchoc M, et al. Impact of nutritional status on outcomes after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 2000; 70(9): 1347-52.
Humphreys J, De la Maza P, Hirsch S, Barrera G, Gattas V, Bunout D. Muscle strength as a predictor of loss of functional status in hospitalized patients. Nutrition. 2002; 18(8):616-20.
Álvares-da-Silva MR, Silveira TR. Comparison between handgrip strength, subjective global assessment, and prognostic index in assessing malnutrition and predicting clinical outcome in cirrhotic outpatients. Nutrition. 2005; 21(2):113-7.
Anjos LA. Obesidade e saúde pública. Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz; 2006.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Michael Maia SCHLÜSSEL, Luiz Antonio dos ANJOS, Gilberto KAC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
