Attitudes and practice of Turkish mothers with babies between 0-24 months regarding infant nutrition
the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale
Keywords:
Breastfeeding, Complementary feeding, Human milk, InfantAbstract
Objective
This study aims to evaluate the behaviors and attitudes of mothers with 0-24-month-old babies towards infant feeding, depending on their sociodemographic characteristics.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study, which was carried out with 300 mothers. Demographic characteristics of the mothers, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices, and the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale were collected. As for the statistical evaluation, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22 statistical package program was used. For the statistical analysis; percentages, mean values, Independent T-Test, One-Way ANOVA, Chi-Square test, and multinomial regression models analysis were used.
Results
79.7% of the mothers gave human milk to their infants as the first food after delivery, 36.9% gave only human milk for the first 6 months, 52.0% started complementary feeding at 4-6 months. Of the mothers with a mean The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale score of 64.38±8.43, 54.0% were positive towards breastfeeding. A significant relationship was found between education and income levels and Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale scores level of the mothers, respectively (χ2=10.001, χ2=10.421, p<0.05). The mothers with a postgraduate degree as educational status (AOR=1.27, 95%CI:1.06-1.53) and mothers who had more income than expenditures (AOR=1.19, 95%CI:1.03-1.63) were associated with a higher positive towards of breastfeeding.
Conclusion
Although most of the mothers say that they have a positive attitude towards breastfeeding, the rate of those who only breastfeed for the first 6 months is low. As the education and income level of mothers increase, their positive attitude towards breastfeeding increases. Mothers should be informed to initiate and maintain successful breastfeeding.
References
Cox KN, Giglia RC, Binns CW. The influence of infant feeding attitudes on breastfeeding duration: evidence from a cohort study in rural Western Australia. Int Breastfeed J. 2015;21:10-25.
Gharaii RN, Hesarinejad Z, Nasibi M, Fakari FR, Ghazanfarpour M, Kargarfard L, et al. A systematic review of factorial structure of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS). Int J Pediatr. 2018;6(10):8413-22. https://doi. org/10.22038/IJP.2018.32706.2888
Eksioglu A, Yesil Y, Ceber Turfan E. Adaptation of the infant nutrition attitude scale (Iowa) to Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study. Koc Üniversitesi Hemsirelikte Egitim ve Arastırma Dergisi (HEAD). 2016;13(3):209-15.
World Health Organization. Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. Geneva: 2014. Available: http:// whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2003/9241562218.pdf?ua=1
Zakarija-Grković I, Burmaz T. Effectiveness of the UNICEF/WHO 20-hour course in improving health professionals’ knowledge, practices, and attitudes to breastfeeding: before/after study of 5 maternity facilities in Croatia. Croat Med J. 2010;51(5):396-405.
Calik KY, Cetin FC, Erkaya R. Breastfeeding practices of mothers and influencing practices. Gümüshane University Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;6(3):80-91.
Holbrook KE, White MC, Heyman MB, Wojcicki JM. Maternal sociodemographic characteristics and the use of the Iowa Infant Attitude Feeding Scale to describe breastfeeding initiation and duration in a population of urban, Latina mothers: a prospective cohort study. Int Breastfeed J. 2013;8(1):7.
Twells LK, Midodzi WK, Ludlow V, Murphy-Goodridge J, Burrage L, Gill N, et al. Assessing infant feeding attitudes of expectant women in a provincial population in Canada: validation of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale. J Human Lactation. 2016;32(3): 9-18.
Inoue M, Binns CW, Katsuki Y, Ouchi M. Japanese mothers’ breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes assessed by the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitudes Scale. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2013;22(2):261-5.
Lau Y, Htun TP, Lim PI, Ho-Lim SST, Klainin-Yobas P. Psychometric properties of the Iowa infant feeding attitude scale among a multiethnic population during pregnancy. J Hum Lac. 2016;32(2):315-23.
Ural A, Kiliç I. Scientific research process and data analysis with SPSS. 4. ed. Detay Publishing: Ankara; 2013.
Gümüstakim RS, Aksoy HD, Cebeci SE, Kanuncu S, Cakir L, Yavuz E. Evaluation of eating habits in children 0-2 years of age: a multicenter study. Family Pract Palliative Care. 2017;2(1):1-8.
Asare BYA, Preko JV, Baafi D, Dwumfour-Asare B. Breastfeeding practices and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in a cross-sectional study at a child welfare clinic in Tema Manhean, Ghana. Int Breastfeed J. 2018;13:12.
World Health Organization. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington D.C., USA. Geneva: Organization; 2008. Available from: https://apps.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/9789241596664/en/index.html
Mora ADL, Russell DW, Dungy CI, Losch M, Dusdieker L. The Iowa infant feeding attitude scale: analysis of reliability and validity 1. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1999;29(11):2362-80.
Sahin S, Bulut OU, Unsal A. Breastfeeding behaviors and associated factors among healthcare professional mothers having a 1-to 5-year-old. Saglik Akademisi Kastamonu. 2020; 7(2):1-2.
Ministry of Health (Turkey). Prevention and control of iron deficiency anemia by protecting, encouraging and supporting breastfeeding; 2019 [cited 2019 Jan 2]. Available from: http://cocukergen.thsk.saglik.gov.tr/
Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJ, Franca GVA, Horton S, Krasevec J, et al. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet. 2016;387:475-90.
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. Progress for children; New York: Unicef; 2016. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov.http://www.unicef.org/progressforchildren
Turkey Demographic and Health Survey. Hacettepe University, Institute of Population Studies. Ankara: Turkey; 2013.
Turkey Demographic and Health Survey. Hacettepe University, Institute of Population Studies, Ankara: Turkey; 2018.
Iliadou M, Lykeridou K, Prezerakos P, Tzavara C, Tziaferi SG. Reliability and validity of the Greek Version of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale among pregnant women. Mater Sociomed. 2019;31(3):160.
World Health Organization. Global targets 2025:to improve maternal, infant and young child nutrition. Geneva: Organization; 2014. Available from: http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/nutrition_globaltargets2025/en/
Güner O, Koruk F. Breastfeeding status of 0-6 month old infants and the effective factors in Sanlıurfa. J Harran University Med Fac. 2019;16(1):111-6.
Güngör A, Karagöl C. Evaluation of complementary feeding knowledge and behavior of mothers with children between four-twenty four months. Ortadogu Tip Dergisi. 2020;12:1-6.
Barros LB, Quadros PR, Anjos KLS, Chaves NR, Silva WC, Souza JCAL, et al. Breastfeeding and complementary feeding: practice, knowledge and socioeconomic profile of mothers of children up to 2 years of age at a Health School of Pará. Int Arch Med. 2018;11. https://doi.org/10.3823/2593
Ghensi P, Cucchi A, Creminelli L, Tomasi C, Zavan B, Maiorana C. Effect of oral administration of bromelain on postoperative discomfort after third molar surgery. J Craniof Surg. 2017; 28(2):191-197.
Cangöl E, Sahin NH. Factors affecting breastfeeding and breastfeeding counselling. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni. 2014;45:100-105.
Hamze L, Mao J, Reifsnider E. Knowledge and attitudes towards breastfeeding practices: A cross-sectional survey of postnatal mothers in China. Midwifery. 2019;74:68-75.
Faridvand F, Mirghafourvand M, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Malakouti J. Breastfeeding performance in Iranian women. Int J Nurs Pract. 2018;24(4):12659.
Duran S, Kaynak S, Karadas A. The relationship between breastfeeding attitudes and perceived stress levels of Turkish mothers. Scand J Caring Sci. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12749
Dogan, G. Evaluation of ınformation, attitudes and behaviors of mothers on ınfant nutrition and postpartum depression status [Master’s thesis], Ankara: Baskent University Institute of Health Sciences; 2019.
