Hypertension, lifestyle, and nutritional status of participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents in the Federal District

Authors

  • Natália de Oliveira SOUSA Universidade de Brasília
  • Aline Bassetto OKAMURA Universidade de Brasília
  • Kênia Mara Baiocchi de CARVALHO Universidade de Brasília
  • Eliane Said DUTRA Universidade de Brasília
  • Vivian Siqueira Santos GONÇALVES Universidade de Brasília

Keywords:

Adolescent, Hypertension, Life Style, Obesity, School Feeding

Abstract

Objective
To estimate the prevalence of hypertension in participants of the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents in Federal District, Brazil, and to investigate the factors related to lifestyle and nutritional status.
Methods
Lifestyle, economic, and demographic variables were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric data and blood pressure measurements were collected according to a standardized protocol. Descriptive statistics was used to know the distribution of the investigated parameters in relation to the outcome. The association between hypertension and the variables of interest was investigated by hierarchical multivariate analysis using Poisson regression, considering p<0.05.
Results
We evaluated 2,646 adolescents with a mean age of 14.9 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 8.0% (95%CI 6.8-9.3). Studying in schools in the rural region (PR=2.1; 95%CI 1.4-3.3), having obesity (PR=4.0; 95%CI 2.5-6.3), male sex (PR=2.2; 95%CI 1.6-3.0) and age over 15 years (PR=1.4; 95% CI 1.0-1.9) were factors associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension. School feeding consumption was a protective factor (PR=0.7; 95%CI 0.6-0.9).
Conclusion
The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 8% and was associated with male sex, age at least 15 years, attendance in rural schools, and obesity. The consumption of school feeding was a protective factor.

References

Walker DM, Bell XMR, Flores XC, Gulley JM, Willing J, Paul MJ. Adolescence and reward : making sense of neural and behavioral changes amid the chaos. J Neurosci. 2017;37:10855-66. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1834-17.2017

Leal MABF, Lima CEB, Mascarenhas MDM, Rodrigues MTP, Paiva SSC, Sousa CRO, et al. Associação entre fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentos de risco à saúde cardiovascular de adolescentes brasileiros com 13 a 17 anos: dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015. Epidemiol Serv Saúde. 2019;28:e2018315. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742019000300008

Oliveira-Campos M, Oliveira MM, Silva SU, et al. Fatores de risco e proteção para as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em adolescentes nas capitais brasileiras. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 21. Epub ahead of print 2018. https://10.1590/1980-549720180002.supl.1

Song P, Zhang Y, Yu J, Zha M, Zhu Y, Rahime K, et al. Global Prevalence of Hypertension in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173:1154-63. https:doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3310

Gonçalves VSS, Galvão TF, Andrade KRC, et al. Prevalence of hypertension among adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Saúde Publica. 2016;50:27.

Bloch KV, Klein CH, Szklo M, et al. ERICA: Prevalences of hypertension and obesity in Brazilian adolescents. Rev Saúde Pública. 2016;50:1s-12s.

Blowey D, Falkner B, Gidding SS. Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2017;140.

Ewald DR, Haldeman LA. Risk Factors in adolescent hypertension. Glob Pediatr Health. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X15625159

Goncalves VS, Duarte EC, Dutra ES, et al. Characteristics of the school food environment associated with hypertension and obesity in Brazilian adolescents: a multilevel analysis of the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). Public Health Nutr. 2019;22: 2625-34.

Vasconcellos MTL, Silva PLN, Szklo M, et al. Desenho da amostra do Estudo do Risco Cardiovascular em Adolescentes (ERICA). Cad Saúde Pública. 2015;31:921-30.

Bloch KV, Szklo M, Kuschnir MCC, et al. The study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents - ERICA: rationale, design and sample characteristics of a national survey examining cardiovascular risk factor profile in Brazilian adolescents. BMC Public Health 2015;15:1-10.

Farias Junior JC, Lopes AS, Mota J, et al. Validade e reprodutibilidade de um questionário para medida de atividade física em adolescentes : uma adaptação do Self- Administered Physical Activity Checklist. Rev Bras Epidemiol 2012;15:198-210.

Tanner JM. Growth at adolescence. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1962.

Silva TLN, Klein CH, Souza AM, et al. Response rate in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents - ERICA. Rev Saúde Pública. 2016;50:1s-13s.

Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, et al. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85:660-7.

World Health Organization. WHO library cataloguing-in-publication data waist circumference and waist-hip ratio. Report of a WHO Expert Consultation. Geneva: Organization; 2008.

Stergiou GS, Yiannes NG, Rarra VC. Validation of the Omron 705 IT oscillometric device for home blood pressure measurement in children and adolescents: the Arsakion School Study. Blood Press Monit. 2006;11:229-34.

Falkner B, Daniels SR. Summary of the fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Hypertension. 2004;44:387-8.

Victora CG, Huttly SR, Fuchs SC, et al. The role of conceptual frameworks in epidemiological analysis: a hierarchical approach. Int J Epidemiol. 1997;26: 224-7.

Sidaner E, Balaban D, Burlandy L. The Brazilian school feeding programme: an example of an integrated programme in support of food and nutrition security. Public Health Nutr. 2013;16:989-94.

Ministério da Educação (Brasil). Lei 11.947 de 17 de junho de 2009. Dispõe sobre sobre o atendimento da alimentação escolar e do Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola aos alunos da educação básica. Brasília: Diário Oficial da União; 2009.

Noll PRS, Noll M, Abreu LC, et al. Ultra-processed food consumption by Brazilian adolescents in cafeterias and school meals. Sci Rep. Epub ahead of print. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43611-x

Bezerra MKA, Carvalho EF, Oliveira JS, et al. Health promotion initiatives at school related to overweight, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia in adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Recife, Brazil. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:1-12.

Dulskiene V, Kuciene R, Medzioniene J, et al. Association between obesity and high blood pressure among Lithuanian adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Ital J Pediatr. 2014;40:102.

Wang L, Song L, Liu B, et al. Trends and status of the prevalence of elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2019;21:88.

Hagman E, Danielsson P, Elimam A, et al. The effect of weight loss and weight gain on blood pressure in children and adolescents with obesity. Int J Obes. 2019;43:1988-94.

Cureau FV, Sparrenberger K, Bloch KV, et al. Associations of multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviors with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity among Brazilian adolescents: a country-wide survey. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018;28:765-74.

Colafella KMM, Denton KM. Sex-specific differences in hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018;14:185-201.

Liang Y, Mi J. Pubertal hypertension is a strong predictor for the risk of adult hypertension. Biomed Environ Sci. 2011;24:459-66.

Popkin BM. Reardon T. Obesity and the food system transformation in Latin America. Obs Rev. 2018;(8):1028-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12694

Downloads

Published

2022-07-11

How to Cite

de Oliveira SOUSA, N. ., Bassetto OKAMURA, A. ., Baiocchi de CARVALHO, K. M. ., Said DUTRA, E. ., & Siqueira Santos GONÇALVES, V. . (2022). Hypertension, lifestyle, and nutritional status of participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents in the Federal District. Brazilian Journal of Nutrition, 34, 1–14. Retrieved from https://seer.sis.puc-campinas.edu.br/nutricao/article/view/6306

Issue

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLE