Magnitude e métodos de perda rápida de peso em judocas de elite
Palavras-chave:
artes marciais, atleta, desempenho, perda de peso, peso corporal, saúdeResumo
Objetivo
Identificar os métodos utilizados para redução rápida de peso pré-competição, bem como determinar a prevalência da utilização de tais métodos entre judocas de elite e a magnitude da redução do peso.
Métodos
Fizeram parte do estudo 28 judocas de elite do sexo masculino, da cidade de São Paulo. Os atletas tiveram aferido o seu peso corporal, e relataram em que categorias de peso competiam. Desses, 19 foram entrevistados por nutricionista, para a investigação de questões relativas ao histórico de peso e de dietas. O estudo foi conduzido entre agosto de 2002 e junho de 2004.
Resultados
Os resultados mostraram que 85,7% da amostra estava, em média, 4,2% (desvio-padrão=2,6) acima do limite de peso da categoria. Entre os que foram entrevistados, 89,5% relataram que, habitualmente, mantinham o peso acima do máximo da categoria, e 100% já pesaram mais do que tal limite. De modo geral, eles pesavam 3,7% (desvio-padrão=1,8) a mais do que o peso da categoria, e chegaram a atingir 7,8% (desvio-padrão=3%) acima do limite. Os métodos de redução rápida de peso mais utilizados foram: desidratação, diminuição da ingestão energética e diminuição da ingestão de doces e gorduras.
Conclusão
Grande parte dos judocas avaliados apresenta peso corporal acima do limite de suas categorias e o reduz significativamente antes das competições, por meio de diversos métodos, muitos dos quais são prejudiciais à saúde e ao desempenho. Medidas para desencorajar tais práticas devem ser estudadas e implementadas como forma de prevenir conseqüênias mais graves.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Guilherme Giannini ARTIOLI, Fernanda Baeza SCAGLIUSI, Viviane Ozores POLACOW, Bruno GUALANO, Antonio Herbert LANCHA JUNIOR
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