Efeitos benéficos das isoflavonas de soja em doencas crônicas
Palavras-chave:
isoflavonas, doenças cardiovasculares, neoplasias, osteoporose, diabetes mellitusResumo
Durante as últimas décadas, evidências científicas vêm demonstrando que as isoflavonas podem trazer benefícios no controle de doenças crônicas tais como câncer, diabetes mellitus, osteoporose e doenças cardiovasculares. Estes compostos estão amplamente distribuídos no reino vegetal e concentrações relativamente maiores são encontradas nas leguminosas, em particular, na soja (Glycne max). Além da sua atividade anti-estrogênica, possuem diversas propriedades biológicas que podem afetar muitos processos bioquímicos e fisiológicos. As evidências de que as isoflavonas protegem contra várias doenças crônicas são baseadas em estudos experimentais e epidemiológicos. Em humanos, estudos epidemiológicos mostram uma maior incidência de alguns tipos de câncer (mama, próstata e cólon) e doenças cardiovasculares nas populações ocidentais expostas a limitadas quantidades de isoflavonas de soja na dieta. Evidência adicional para proteção contra o câncer e doenças cardíacas tem sido verificada em vários modelos experimentais com animais. As isoflavonas podem também prevenir a perda óssea pós-menopausa e a osteoporose. Efeitos da genisteína na regulação da secreção de insulina também têm sido demonstrados. Os mecanismos pelos quais as isoflavonas podem exercer estes efeitos parecem depender, em parte, das suas propriedades agonistas-antagonistas dos estrógenos. Outros mecanismos hipotéticos poderiam derivar de outras propriedades bioquímicas, tais como inibição da atividade enzimática e efeito antioxidante.
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