Treinamento de incompatibilidade espacial pode prevenir a ocorrência do efeito Simon ampliado em idosos
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Envelhecimento, Controle inibitório, Percepção espacial, Transferência de aprendizagemResumo
O efeito Simon é tipicamente maior em pessoas idosas do que em adultos jovens, talvez devido ao declínio de capacidades inibitórias em função da idade. Participaram deste estudo 32 pessoas idosas e destras (5 homens e 27 mulheres; média de 67,1 anos ± 5,5). Para rastreio, foram usados o Mini Exame do Estado Mental e a escala de depressão do Center for Epidemiological Studies. Metade dos participantes praticou a tarefa de incompatibilidade espacial antes da tarefa de Simon e o outro grupo foi testado apenas na tarefa de Simon. A análise de variância, considerando a prática prévia (incompatível ou sem prática) e correspondência (correspondente, não correspondente), indicou uma interação dupla (F = 7,07; p = 0,012; ηp2 = 0,191), demonstrando que o efeito Simon foi eliminado no grupo de prática incompatível, mas permaneceu ampliado no grupo sem prática anterior. Esses resultados indicaram que os processos cognitivos necessários para transferir a aprendizagem estão preservados em idosos, sendo potencialmente úteis para influenciar as capacidades inibitórias espaciais.
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