Prevalence of internet addiction and its association to impulsivity, aggression, depression, and anxiety in young adult university students
Palabras clave:
Addiction, Aggression, Anxiety, Depression, Impulsive behavior, InternetResumen
The increasing availability of the Internet, although with many positive effects for most, has triggered addictive effects for part of the population. They experience social isolation due to Internet overuse and, when deprived of it, they feel anxiety, fissure, and psychomotor agitation. This study investigated associations among Internet addiction, demographic and cognitive variables, such as impulsivity, aggression, and depressive and/or anxiety symptoms. In this study, 1,485 young adults (67.9% women) were assessed using four psychological instruments. It was found that 19.1% of the participants presented a moderate or severe internet addiction, with men having a higher prevalence (45.0%). The risk population also included individuals who use the Internet for gaming and residents of the Northeastern region of Brazil. Moreover, a higher index of motor or attentional impulsivity, or more depressive symptoms, seems to increase the prevalence of Internet Addiction, requiring greater attention in preventive strategies.
Descargas
Citas
Al-Gamal, E., Alzayyat, A., & Ahmad, M. M. (2016). Prevalence of internet addiction and its association with psychological distress and coping strategies among university students in Jordan. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 52(1), 49-61. http://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12102
Alaçam, H., Ateşçi, F. Ç., Şengül, A. C., & Tümkaya, S. (2015). The relationship between smoking & alcohol use and internet addiction among the university students. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 16(6), 383-388. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/apd.172340
Amin, S., & Kaur, K. (2015). A study of internet addiction and its impact on academic performance of university students. International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 4(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJLT.2017.086382
Schou Andreassen, C., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: a large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252-262. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000160
Baquero, M., Baquero, R. V. A., & Morais, J. A. D. (2016). Political socialization and internet in the construction of a youth´ s political culture in Southern Brazil. Educação & Sociedade, 37(137), 989-1008. http://doi.org/10.1590/es0101-73302016166022
Brand, M., Young, K. S., & Laier, C. (2014). Prefrontal control and Internet addiction: a theoretical model and review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffnhum.2014.00375
Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992) The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 452-459.
Cao, F., Su, L., Liu, T., & Gao, X. (2007). The relationship between impulsivity and Internet addiction in a sample of Chinese adolescents. European Psychiatry, 22(7), 466-471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.05.004
Chaim, C. H.; Bandeira, K. B. P., & Andrade, A. G. (2015). Fisiopatologia da dependência química. Revista de Medicina, 94(4), 256-262. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v94i4p256-262
Chang, F. C., Chiu, C. H., Miao, N. F., Chen, P. H., Lee, C. M., Chiang, J. T., & Pan, Y. C. (2015). The relationship between parental mediation and Internet addiction among adolescents, and the association with cyberbullying and depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 57, 21-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.013
Chou, W. P., Ko, C. H., Kaufman, E. A., Crowell, S. E., Hsiao, R. C., Wang, P. W., Lin, J.-J., & Yen, C.-F. (2015). Association of stress coping strategies with Internet addiction in college students: The moderating effect of depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 62, 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.06.004
Conti, M. A., Jardim, A. P., Hearst, N., Cordás, T. A., Tavares, H., & Abreu, C. N. (2012). Avaliação da equivalência semântica e consistência interna de uma versão em português do Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica, 39, 106-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832012000300007
Dalbudak, E., & Evren, C. (2014). The relationship of Internet addiction severity with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in Turkish University students; impact of personality traits, depression and anxiety. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(3), 497-503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.11.018
Dalbudak, E., Evren, C., Topcu, M., Aldemir, S., Coskun, K. S., Bozkurt, M., Evren, B., & Canbal, M. (2013). Relationship of Internet addiction with impulsivity and severity of psychopathology among Turkish university students. Psychiatry Research, 210(3), 1086-1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.08.014
Demir, Y., & Kutlu, M. (2016). The Relationship between Loneliness and Depression: Mediation Role of Internet Addiction. Educational Process: International Journal, 5(2), 97-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/edupij.2016.52.1
Dieter, J., Hoffmann, S., Mier, D., Reinhard, I., Beutel, M., Vollstädt-Klein, S., Kiefer, F., Mann, K., & Leménager, T. (2017). The role of emotional inhibitory control in specific Internet addiction–an fMRI study. Behavioural Brain Research, 324, 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.046
Ding, Y. J., Lau, C. H., Sou, K. L., Abraham, A. A., Griffiths, S. M., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Association between internet addiction and high-risk sexual attitudes in Chinese university students from Hong Kong and Macau. Public Health, 132, 60-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.11.009
Ebert, D. D., Berking, M., Cuijpers, P., Lehr, D., Pörtner, M., & Baumeister, H. (2015). Increasing the acceptance of internetbased mental health interventions in primary care patients with depressive symptoms. A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 176, 9-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.056
Felizola, M. P. M., Araújo, N. M., Nunes, M. C. S., Gomes, V. J. B. M., & Menezes, M. W. M. (2017). O nordeste conectado: um quadro do acesso às tecnologias digitais de comunicação pelos jovens. Revista Fronteiras: Estudos Midiáticos, 19(1), 120-128.
Fengqiang, G., Jie, X., Yueqiang, R., & Lei, H. (2016). The relationship between internet addiction and aggression: multiple mediating effects of life events and social support. Psychology Research, 6(1), 42-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2016.01.005
Giotakos, O., Tsouvelas, G., Spourdalaki, E., Janikian, M., Tsitsika, A., & Vakirtzis, A. (2017) Internet gambling in relation to Internet addiction, substance use, online sexual engagement and suicidality in a Greek sample. International Gambling Studies, 17(1), 20-29. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1080/14459795.2016.1251605
Gouveia, V. V., Marques Chavez, C. M. C., Peregrino, R. R., Castello Branco, A. O., & Gonçalves, M. P. (2008). Medindo a agressão: o uestionário de Buss-Perry. Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia, 60(3), 92-103.
Hahn, C., & Kim, D. J. (2014). Is there a shared neurobiology between aggression and Internet addiction disorder? Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(1), 12-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556%2FJBA.3.2014.1.2
Hwang, J. Y., Choi, J.-S., Gwak, A. R., Jung, D., Choi, S.-W., Lee, J., Lee, J.-Y., & Kim, D. J. (2014). Shared psychological characteristics that are linked to aggression between patients with Internet addiction and those with alcohol dependence. Annals of General Psychiatry, 13(1), 6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1744-859X-13-6
International Society for Research on Impulsivity. (2020). What is impulsivity? http://www.impulsivity.org/Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014). A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: towards a model of compensatory internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 351-354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.059
Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Chen, C. S., & Chen, C. C. (2012). The association between Internet addiction and psychiatric disorder: a review of the literature. European Psychiatry, 27(1), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.04.011
Kuss, D., D Griffiths, M., Karila, L., & Billieux, J. (2014). Internet addiction: a systematic review of epidemiological research for the last decade. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 20(25), 4026-4052. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990617
Lai, C. M., Mak, K. K., Watanabe, H., Jeong, J., Kim, D., Bahar, N., Ramos, M., Chen, S. H., & Cheng, C. (2015). The mediating role of Internet addiction in depression, social anxiety, and psychosocial well-being among adolescentsin six Asian countries: a structural equation modelling approach. Public Health, 129(9), 1224-1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.07.031
Lee, H. W., Choi, J. S., Shin, Y. C., Lee, J. Y., Jung, H. Y., & Kwon, J. S. (2012). Impulsivity in internet addiction: a comparison with pathological gambling. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(7), 373-377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0063
Li, W., O’Brien, J. E., Snyder, S. M., & Howard, M. O. (2015). Characteristics of internet addiction/pathological internet use in US University students: a qualitative-method investigation. Plos One, 10(2), e0117372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117372
Li, W., Garland, E. L., & Howard, M. O. (2014). Family factors in Internet addiction among Chinese youth: a review of English- and Chinese-language studies. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 393-411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.11.004
Liang, L., Zhou, D., Yuan, C., Shao, A., & Bian, Y. (2016). Gender differences in the relationship between internet addiction and depression: a cross-lagged study in Chinese adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 463-470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.043
Lim, J. A., Gwak, A. R., Park, S. M., Kwon, J.-G., Lee, J.-Y., Jung, H. Y., Sohn, B. K., Kim, J.-W., Kim, D. J., & Choi, J.-S. (2015). Are adolescents with internet addiction prone to aggressive behavior? The mediating effect of clinical comorbidities on the predictability of aggression in adolescents with internet addiction. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(5), 260-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0568
Liu, Q., Fang, X., Wan, J., & Zhou, Z. (2016). Need satisfaction and adolescent pathological internet use: comparison of satisfaction perceived online and offline. Computers in Human Behavior, 55b, 695-700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.048
Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales. The Psychology Foundation of Australia.
Lyvers, M., Karantonis, J., Edwards, M. S., & Thorberg, F. A. (2016). Traits associated with internet addiction in young adults: potential risk factors. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 3, 56-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2016.04.001
Malloy-Diniz, L. F., Mattos, P., Leite, W. B., Abreu, N., Coutinho, G., De Paula, J. J., Tavares, H., Vasconcelos, A. G., & Fuentes, D. (2010). Tradução e adaptação cultural da Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) para aplicação em adultos brasileiros. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 59(2), 99-105. http://doi.org/10.1590/S0047-20852010000200004
Marazziti, D., Piccinni, A., Baroni, S., Mucci, F., & Dell’Osso, L. (2016). PM326. Internet addiction: an Italian study on university students. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 19(Suppl 1), 16. http://doi.org/16. 10.1093/ijnp/pyw041.326
Marin, C. E., Feldens, V. P., & Sakae, T. M. (2016). Dependência de Internet, qualidade do sono e sonolência em estudantes de Medicina de Universidade do Sul do Brasil. Revista AMRIGS, 60(3), 191-197.
Nassehi, A., Arbabisarjou, A., Jafari, M., & Najafi, K. (2016). Surveying the relationship of Internet addiction with dependence on cell phone, depression, anxiety, and stress in collegians (Case study: Bam University of Medical Sciences). International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, 7, 2267-2274.
Ostovar, S., Allahyar, N., Aminpoor, H., Moafian, F., Nor, M. B. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). Internet Addiction and its Psychosocial Risks (depression, anxiety, stress and loneliness) among Iranian adolescents and young adults: a structural equation model in a Cross-Sectional study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 14,1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-015-9628-0
Patton, J. H., Stanford, M. S., & Barrat, E. S. (1995). Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(6), 768-774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199511)51:6%3C768::aidjclp2270510607% 3E3.0.co;2-1
Poynton, T. A., & Lapan, R. T. (2017). Aspirations, achievement, and school counselors’ impact on the college transition. Journal of Counseling & Development, 95(4), 369-377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12152
Ramirez, J. M., & Andreu, J. M. (2006). Aggression, and some related psychological constructs (anger, hostility, and impulsivity) Some comments from a research project. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 30(3), 276-291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.04.015
Rodrigues, S.F.N. (2017). Tecnologias 2.0 e novas cidadanias emergentes. Revista Interdisciplinar em Cultura e Sociedade, 3, 89-108.
Schimmenti, A., Passanisi, A., Caretti, V., La Marca, L., Granieri, A., Iacolino, C., Gervasi, A. M., Maganuco, N. R., & Billieux, J. (2017). Traumatic experiences, alexithymia, and Internet addiction symptoms among late adolescents: a moderated mediation analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 314-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.002
Servidio, R. (2014). Exploring the ‘effects of demographic factors, Internet usage and personality traits on Internet addiction in a sample of Italian university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 85-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.024
Taymur, I., Budak, E., Demirci, H., Akdağ, H. A., Güngör, B. B., & Özdel, K. (2016). A study of the relationship between internet addiction, psychopathology and dysfunctional beliefs. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 532-536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.043
Terres-Trindade, M., & Mosmann, C. P. (2016). Conflitos familiares e práticas educativas parentais como preditores de dependência de internet. Psico-USF, 21(3), 623-633. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712016210315
Terroso, L. B., & Argimon, I. I. L. (2016). Dependência de internet e habilidades sociais em adolescentes. Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia, 16(1), 200-219.
Truzoli, R., Osborne, L. A., Romano, M., & Reed, P. (2016). The relationship between schizotypal personality and internet addiction in university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 19-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.010
Vally, Z., Laconi, S., & Kaliszewska-Czeremska, K. (2020). Problematic internet use, psychopathology, defense mechanisms, and coping strategies: a cross-sectional study from the United Arab Emirates. Psychiatric Quartely, 91(2), 587-602.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09719-4
Van Rooij, A. J., Ferguson, C. J., Van de Mheen, D., & Schoenmakers, T. M. (2017). Time to abandon Internet Addiction? Predicting problematic Internet, game, and social media use from psychosocial well-being and application use. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 14(1), 113-121.
Vignola, R. C. B., & Tucci, A. M. (2014) Adaptation and validation of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) to Brazilian Portuguese. Journal of Affective Disorders, 155, 104-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.031
Wallace, P. (2014). Internet addiction disorder and youth. EMBO Reports, 15(1), 12-16. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fembr.201338222
Wanner, B., Vitaro, F., Carbonneau, R., & Tremblay, R. E. (2009). Cross-lagged links among gambling, substance use, and delinquency from midadolescence to young adulthood: additive and moderating effects of common risk factors. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23(1), 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0013182
We Are Social, & Hootsuite (2018). Digital in 2018: World’s internet users pass the 4 billion mark. https://wearesocial.com/blog/2018/01/global-digital-report-2018
Weinstein, A., Dorani, D., Elhadfi, R., Bukovza, Y., Yarmulnik, A., & Dannon, P. (2015). Internet addiction is associated with social anxiety in young adults. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 27(1), 4-9.
Widyanto, L., & McMurran, M. (2004). The psychometric properties of the Internet Addiction Test. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7, 443-450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2004.7.443
Yoo, H. J., Cho, S. C., Ha, J., Yune, S. K., Kim, S. J., Hwang, J., Chung, A., Sung, Y. H., & Lyoo, I. K. (2004). Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and internet addiction. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 58(5), 487-494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01290.x
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Lauren Bulcão TERROSO, Marina PANTE, Júlia Schneider KRIMBERG, Rosa Maria Martins de ALMEIDA
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.