Fear and anxiety in professionals about COVID-19: Brazilian versions of measures
Keywords:
COVID-19, Emotional experiences, Psychological testsAbstract
The objective of this study was to adapt and verify the psychometric properties of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, from the data collection conducted with professionals who work directly in the fight against COVID-19 in Brazil. A total of 232 professionals participated (Mage = 32.9; SD = 7.6), most of them female (68.1%), who answered the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale instruments and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The adaptation process allowed identifying the content validity of the Brazilian versions and exploratory factorial analyses, followed by correlation studies showing evidence of internal structure validity and in relation to other (convergent) Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale variables, which presented equally satisfactory reliability rates. Thus, the Brazilian versions of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale scales were made available with satisfactory psychometric qualities for use in the research and assessment of psychological aspects of health professionals.
Downloads
References
Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C.-Y., Imani, D., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20, 1537-1545. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
Alyami, M., Henning, M., Krägeloh, C. U., & Alyami, H. (2020). Psychometric Evaluation of the Arabic Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Journal Mental Health Addiction, 16, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00316-x
American Psychiatric Association (2014). Manual diagnóstico e estatístico de transtornos mentais (DSM-5). (5th ed.). Artmed.
Andrade, A. L., Silva, M. Z., & Netto, M. T. (2015). Clima de segurança no trabalho hospitalar: adaptação de medida (ClimaSeg-H). Avaliação Psicológica, 14(2), 161-171. https://doi.org/10.15689/ap.2015.1402.11
Asmundson, G. J., & Taylor, S. (2020). Coronaphobia: fear and the 2019-nCoV outbreak. Journal Anxiety Disord, 70,102-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102196
Baker, F. B. (2001). The basics of item response theory (2nd ed.). Eric Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED458219
Barrios, I., Ríos-González, C. O’Higgins, M., González-Urbieta, I., García, O., Almirón-Santacruz, J., Navarro, R., Melgarejo, O., Ruiz Díaz, N., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Ventriglio, A., & Torales, J. (2020). Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-33345/v1
Bitan, D. T., Grossman-Giron, A., Bloch, Y., Mayer, Y., Shiffman, N., & Mendlovic, S. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 scale: psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population. Psychiatry Research, 289, 113100. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113100
Borsa, J. C., Damásio, B. F., & Bandeira, D. R. (2012). Adaptação e validação de instrumentos psicológicos entre culturas: algumas considerações. Paidéia, 22(53), 423-432. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-863X2012000300014
Breakwell, G. M., Hammond, S., Fife-Schaw, C., & Smith, J. A. (2010). Métodos de pesquisa em psicologia (3rd ed.). Artmed.
Cohen, R. J., Swerdlik, M. E., & Sturman, E. D. (2014). Testagem e Avaliação Psicológica: introdução a testes e medidas (8th ed.) AMGH.
Enumo, S. R. F., & Linhares, M. B. M. (2020). Contribuições da Psicologia no contexto da Pandemia da COVID-19. Estudos de Psicologia, 37, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202037200110e
Evren, C., Evren, B., Dalbudak, E., Topcu, M., & Kutlu, N. (2020). Measuring anxiety related to COVID-19: A Turkish validation study of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Death Studies, 46(5), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.20 20.1774969
Ferrando, P. J., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2017). Program FACTOR at 10: origins, development and future directions. Psicothema, 29, 236-240. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2016.304
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tathan RL. (2009). Análise multivariada de dados (6th ed.). Bookman.
Haktanir, A., Seki, T., & Dilmaç, B. (2020). Adaptation and evaluation of Turkish version of the fear of COVID-19 Scale. Death Studies, 46(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1773026
Holgado-Tello, F. P., Chacón-Moscoso, S., Barbero-García, I., & Vila-Abad, E. (2010). Polychoric versus Pearson correlations in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of ordinal variables. Quality & Quantity, 44(1), 153-166. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11135-008-9190-y
Huang, J. Z, Han, M. F., Luo, T. D., Ren, A. K., & Zhou, X. P. (2020). Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 38(3), 192-195. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200219-00063
Kang, M., Wu, J., Ma, W., He, J., Lu, J., Liu, T., Li, B., Mei, S., Ruan, F., Lin, L., Zou, L., Ke, C., Zhong, H., Zhang, Y., Chen, X., Liu, Z., Zhu, Q., Xiao, J., Yu, J., ... Song, T. (2020). Evidence and characteristics of human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. MedRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.03.20019141
Lara, S. A. D. (2014). ¿Matrices Policóricas/Tetracóricas o Matrices Pearson? Un estudio metodológico. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento, 6(1), 39-48. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=333430869006
Lee, S. A. (2020). Coronavirus anxiety scale: a brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety, Death Studies, 44(7), 393-401. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481
Lee, S. A., Mathis, A. A., Jobe, M. C., & Pappalardo, E. A. (2020). Clinically significant fear and anxiety of COVID-19: a psychometric examination of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113-112. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113112
Lorenzo-Seva, U., Timmerman, M. E., & Kiers, H. A. L. (2011). The Hull Method for Selecting the Number of Common Factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46(2), 340-364. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2011.564527
Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (2004). Manual for the depression, anxiety, and stress scales (4th ed.). Psychological Foundation.
Masuyama, A., Shinkawa, H., & Kubo, T. (2020). Development and validation of the Japanese Version Fear of COVID-19 Scale among adolescents. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20, 387-397. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11469-020-00368-z
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. McGraw-Hill Inc.
Ornell, F., Halpern, S. C., Kessler, F. H. P., & Narvaez, J. C. M. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 36(4), e00063520. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102- 311X00063520
Ornell, F., Schuch, J. B., Sordi, A. O., & Kessler, F. (2020). “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 42(3), 232-235. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008
Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Dosil-Santamaria, M., Picaza-Gorrochategui, M., & Idoiaga-Mondragon, N. (2020). Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 36(4), e00054020. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00054020
Pasquali, L. (2016). TEP – Técnicas de Exame Psicológico: os Fundamentos (2nd ed.). Vetor Editora.
Reznik, A., Gritsenko, V., Konstantinov, V., Khamenka, N., & Isralowitz, R. (2020). COVID-19 fear in Eastern Europe: validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, 1903-1908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00283-3
Sakib, N., Bhuiyan, A. I., Hossain, S., Al Mamun, F., Hosen, I., Abdullah, A. H., Sarker, M. A., Mohiuddin, M. S., Rayhan, I., Hossain, M., Sikder, T., Gozal, D., Muhit, M., Islam, S. M. S., Griffiths, M. D., Pakpour, A., & Manun, M. (2020). Psychometric validation of the Bangla Fear of COVID-19 Scale: confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00289-x
Shigemura, J., Ursano, R. J., Morganstein, J. C., Kurosawa, M., & Benedek, D. M. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan: mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscienses, 74(4), 281-282. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12988
Simonetti, G., Iosco, C., & Taruschio, G. (2020) Mental Health and COVID - 19: an action plan (version 2). Preprints 2020. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202004.0197.v2
Skalski, S., Uram, P., Dobrakowski, P., & Kwiatkowska, A. (2020). The Link Between Ego-resiliency, Social Support, SARS-CoV-2 Anxiety and Trauma Effects. Polish Adaptation of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 171, e110540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110540
Soraci, P., Ferrari, A., Abbiati, F. A., Del Fante, E., De Pace, R., Urso, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Validation and psychometric evaluation of the Italian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20, 1913-1922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00277-1
Souza, A. C., Alexandre, N. M. C., & Guirardello, E. B. (2017). Propriedades psicométricas na avaliação de instrumentos: avaliação da confiabilidade e da validade. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 26(3), 649-659. https://doi.org/10.5123/ S1679-49742017000300022
Urbina, S. (2007). Fundamentos da testagem psicológica. Artmed.
Vignola, R. C. B., & Tucci, A. M. (2014). Adaptation and validation of the Depression, Anxiety And Stress Scale (DASS) to Brazilian Portuguese. Journal of Affective Disorders, 155, 104-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.031
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal Environmental Research Public Health,17(5), 17-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph17051729
World Health Organization. (2021). WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://disabilitynavigator.org/ links/76311/world-health-organization-who-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-pandemic%20
Xiang, Y.-T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020) Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215- 0366(20)30046-8
Zhu, Y., Chen, L., Ji, H., Xi, M., Fang, Y., & Li, Y. (2020) The risk and prevention of novel coronavirus pneumonia infections among inpatients in psychiat¬ric hospitals. Neuroscience Bulletin, 36(3), 299-302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264- 020-00476-9
Zwielewski, G., Oltramari, G., Santos, A. R. S., Nicolazzi, E. M. da S., Moura, J. A., Sant’ana, V. L. P., Schlindwein-Zanini, R., & Cruz, R. M. (2020). Protocolos para tratamento psicológico em pandemias: as demandas em saúde mental produzidas pela COVID-19. Debates em Psiquiatria, 10(2), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.25118/2236-918X-10-2-4
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Ricardo Neves COUTO, Emerson Diógenes de MEDEIROS, Ícaro Macedo SOUSA, Paloma Cavalcante Bezerra de MEDEIROS, Thayro Andrade CARVALHO
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.