Dispareunia relacionada à via de parto: uma revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24220/2318-0897v27n3a4283Palabras clave:
Disfunção sexual. Dispareunia. Período pós-parto.Resumen
No pós-parto, pode haver dor durante a relação sexual e disfunções do assoalho pélvico, que são associadas ao parto vaginal pela possibilidade de lesões perineais ou episiotomia, levando a indicações de cesariana eletiva como fator de proteção da função sexual. Assim, este estudo propõe analisar a relação entre parto por vaginal ou cesárea e a presença de dispareunia no período pós-parto. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Lilacs e PubMed utilizando os descritores “Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological” e “Postpartum Period”. Foram encontrados 28 artigos, sendo incluídos 13 por se encaixarem nos critérios de elegibilidade. Os resultados mostraram que a dispareunia pode ocorrer em 24,0 a 85,7% das puérperas. Após o primeiro parto vaginal, 21,0% apresentam avulsão dos levantadores do ânus, mas 62,0% não são evidentes após um ano. A alteração do corpo perineal não está relacionada a laceração ou a função sexual, mas 32,5% das mulheres que relataram dor perineal no primeiro mês relataram dispareunia aos 6 meses. 85,7% relatam dor na primeira relação pós-parto e as que tiveram cesariana foram mais propensas a dispareunia seis meses após o parto. 31,5% das lactantes aos 6 meses e 24,1 a 28,3% das que apresentaram queixas psicossocias relataram dispareunia. Concluiu-se que a disfunção sexual pode ocorrer nos primeiros meses tanto no pós-parto por via vaginal quanto cesariana, mas após o primeiro ano do parto, a função sexual parece se restabelecer independente da via de parto, com exceção dos traumas perineais severos.
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