Cytogenetics in pediatric medulloblastomas
Palabras clave:
adolescente, análise citogenética, criança, meduloblastoma, neoplasias, pediatriaResumen
A meduloblastoma é um tipo de tumor freqüentemente encontrada na infância e adolescência. É geralmente encontrada na fossa posterior (também conhecida como o compartimento infratentorial) e afeta, principalmente, o cerebelo. Embora um progresso significativo tenha sido alcançado no tratamento destes pacientes, muitos aspetos do comportamento biológico deste tumor ainda estão incertos. Portanto o estudo dos eventos genéticos envolvidos nestas neoplasias poderia ser considerado uma ferramenta útil na compreensão destes tumores, desde que, o comportamento biológico de um tumor passou a ser determinado pelas suas alterações genéticas. Em meduloblastoma, a alteração observada com maior frequência é um isocromossomo 1 7, mas sozinha esta aberração não constitui um fator prognóstico; apenas reflete uma proliferação celular desenfreada. Vários genes (por exemplo, TP53, ABR e H/C-1) parecem estar relacionados à gênese destes tumores, mas estudos mais aprofundados são necessários pára esclarecer o assunto. Os avanços no campo de citogenética molecular tem permitido a identificação de um número crescente de marcadores de cromossomos ligados à gênese de processos de proliferação. Portanto, o objetivo desta revisão é apresentar uma revisão atualizada da literatura sobre meduloblastoma.
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