Doenças transmitidas por alimentos na população idosa: riscos e prevenção
Palabras clave:
segurança alimentar, Educação em saúde, idoso, alimentosResumen
As doenças transmitidas por alimentos são, ainda, um importante problema de saúde pública no mundo contemporâneo. Existem evidências de que a população idosa é mais vulnerável às infecções - particularmente as veiculadas por água e alimentos - devido ao declínio da função imune relacionado à idade, às alterações das funções fisiológicas, às deficiências nutricionais e ao uso intenso de anti bióticos. Destacam-se, por outro lado, os fatores de risco comportamentais, ou seja, aqueles relacionados às práticas de higiene e segurança alimentar no preparo domiciliar dos alimentos. Recentemente, foram identificados nove enteropa tógenos de alta gravidade para a população idosa: Vibrio spp, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia co/i 0157:H7, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enteriditis, Norwalk virus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Toxoplasma gondii e Shigella sp. As práticas de segurança alimentar mais recomendadas para evitá-los envolvem o controle das temperaturas de conservação e de cocção dos alimentos, a prevenção da contaminação cruzada, a eliminação de alimentos de fontes inseguras e a higiene pessoal. As doenças veiculadas por alimentos e água podem ser prevenidas por meio da educação em saúde, especialmente no ambiente das unidades de cuidados básicos de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar artigos publicados no campo da geriatria e infecções intestinais visando o planejamento de estratégias educacionais para prevenir as doenças transmitidas por alimentos na população idosa.
Descargas
Citas
Mead PS, Slutsker 1, DietzV, McCaig LF, Bresee JS, Shapiro C, et ai. Food-related illness and death in United States. Emerg lnfect Dis. 1999; 5(5):607-25.
Lindqvist R, Anderson Y, Jong B, Norberg P. A summary of reported foodborne disease incidents in Sweden, 1992-1997. J Food Prot. 2000; 63(10):1315-20.
Dosso M, Coulibaly M, Kadio A. Place des diarrhées bactériennes dans les pays en développement. Buli Soe Path Ex. 1998; 5(91):402-5.
Kosec M, Bem C, Guerrant RL. The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000. Buli World Health Organ. 2003; 81(3): 197-204.
Guerrant RL, Kosec M, Moore S, Lorntz B, Brantley R, Lima AAM. Magnitude and impact of diarrheal diseases. Arch Med Res. 2002; 33(4):351-5.
Motarjemi Y, Kaferstein FK. Food safety, hazard analysis and criticai point and the increase in foodborne disease: a paradox? Food Contrai. 1999; 10(4-5):325-35
Motarjemi Y, Kaferstein FK. Global estimation of foodborne disease. World Health Stat Quart. 1997; 50(1-2):5-23.
Collins JE. lmpact of changing consumer lifestyle on the emergence/reemergence of foodborne pathogens. Emerg lnfect Dis. 1997; 3(4):471-9.
Gerba CP, Rose JB, Haas CN. Sensitive populations: who is the greatest risk? lnt J Food Microbiol. 1996; 30(1-2):113-23.
O. Pereira RS, Curioni CC, Veras R. Perfil demográfico da população idosa no Brasil e no Rio de Janeiro em 2002. Textos sobre Envelhecimento. 2003; 6(1): 43-59.
Smith JL. Foodborne illness in the elderly. J Food Prot. 1998; 61(9):1229-39.
Farthing MJG. Diarrhoea: a significant worldwide problem. lnt J Antimicrob Agents. 2000; 14(1):65-9.
Altekruse SF, Yang S, Timbo BB, Angulo FJ. A multi state survey of consumer food-handling and food consumption practices. Am J Prev Med. 1999; 16(3):216-21
Bermudéz-Milán A, Pérez-Escamilla L, Da mio G, González A, Segura-Perez. Food safety knowledge, attitudes an behaviors among Puerto Rico Caretakers living in Hartford, Connecticut. J Food Prot. 2004; 67(3):512-6.
Kohl KS, Rietberg K, Wilson S, Fairley TA. Relationship between home food-handling practices and sporadic salmonellonis in adults in Louisiana, United States. Epidemio! lnfect. 2002; 129(2):267-76.
Gillespie GA, O'Brien SJ, Adak JK. General outbreaks of infectious intestinal diseases linked with private residences in England and Wales, 1992-199: questionnaire study. Br Med J. 2001; 323(10):1097-8.
Day C. Gastrointestinal diseases in the domestic setting: what can we deduce from surveillance data? J lnfect. 2001; 43(1):30-5.
Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Sistema Regional de información para la vigilancia de las enfermidades transmitidas por alimentos (SIRVETA) [acceso 16 out 2004]. Disponible en: www. panalimentos.org/sirveta
Gavazzi G, Krause KH. Ageing and infection. Lancet lnfect Dis. 2002; 2(11):659-66.
Chandra RK. Nutrition and immune system: an introduction. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997; 66(11):460-3.
Constants T, Bacq Y, Brechot JF, Guilmot JL, Choulet P, Lamisse F. Protein-energy malnutrition in elderly medical patients. J Am Geriatr Soe. 1992; 40(3): 263-8.
Yamaya M, Ynai M, Ohrui T, Arai H, Sasaki H. lnterventions to prevent pneumonia among older adults. J Am Geriatr Soe. 2001; 49(1):85-90.
Nicolle LE. Urinary tract infections in geriatric institutionalized patients. Curr Opin Urol. 2002; 12(1): 51-5.
Klontz KC, Adler WH, Potter M. Age-dependent resistence factors in the pathogenesis of foodborne infectious diseases. Aging. 1997; 9(5):320-6.
King JC, Black RE, Doyle MP, Fritsche KL, Halbrook BH, Levander AO, et ai. Foodborne illness and nutritional status: a statement from an american society for nutritional sciences working groups. J Nutr. 2000; 130(10):2613-7.
Medeiros L, Hillers VN, Kenda/I PA, Mason A. Food safety education; what should we be teaching to consumers? J Nutr Educ. 2001; 33(2):108-13.
Woteki CE, Kineman BD. Challenges and approaches reducing foodborne illness. Ann Rev Nutr. 2003; 23(4):315-44.
Carter AO, Borczyk AA, Carlson JA, Harvey B, Hockin JC, Karmali MA, et ai. A severe outbreak of Escherichia co/i 0157: H7 associated hemorrhagic colitis in a nursing home. N Eng J Med. 1987; 317(24): 1496-500.
Prevots DR, Sutter RW. Assessment of Guillain-Barré syndrome mortality and morbidity in the United States: implications for acute flaccid paralysis surveillance. J lnfect Dis. 1997; 175(Suppl.1):151S-5S.
Nicolle LE. Urinary tract infections in geriatric institutionalized patients. Curr Opin Urol. 2002; 12(1):51-5.
Parry SM, Palmer SR, Slader J, Humphrey T. Risk factors for salmonella food poisoning in the domestic kitchen- a case contrai study. Epidemio! lnfect. 2002; 129(2):277-85.
Mitakakis TZ, Sinclair MI, Fairley CK, Leder K, Hellard ME. Dietary intake and domestic food preparation and handling as risk factors for gastroenteritis: a case-contrai study. Epidemio! lnfect. 2004; 132(1):1-6.
Kennedy J, Jackson V, Blair IS, McDowell DA, Cowan C, Bolton DJ. Food safety knowledge of consumers and the microbiological and temperature status of their refrigerators. J Food Prot. 2005; 68(7):1421-30.
Lievonen S, Havulinna S, Maijala R. Egg consumption patterns and Salmonella risks in Filand. J Food Prot. 2004; 67(11):2416-23.
Boomfield S, Scott E. Cross-contamination and infection in the domestic environment and the role of chemical disinfectants. J Appl Microbial. 1997; 83(1):1-9.
Johnson AE, Donkin AJ, Morgan K, Lilley JM, Neale RJ, Page RM, et ai. Food safety knowledge and practices among elderly people living at home. J Epidemio! Comm Health. 1998, 52(11):745-8.
Gettings MA, Kiernan NE. Practices and perceptions of food safety among seniors who prepare meals at home. J Nutr Educ. 2001; 33(3) 148-54.
Kendall P, Medeiros L, Hillers VN, Cheng G, Di Mascola S. Food handling behavioral of special importance for pregnant women, infants and young children, the elderly and immune-compromised people. J Am Diet Assoe. 2003, 103(12): 1646-9.
Medeiros LC, Hillers V, Kendall P, Mason A. Evaluation of food safety education for consumers. J Nutr Educ. 2001; 33(Suppl 1):S27-S34.
lnternational Forum on Home Hygiene. A key role for physicians in home hygiene education. 2000 [cited 2003 3 Aug]. Available from: http://www.ifh homehygiene.org
Lazorvich D, Curry SJ, Beresford SAA, Kristal AR, Wagner EH. lmplementing a dietary intervention in primary practice: a process evaluating. Am J Health Promot. 2000; 15(2):118-25.
Abdussalam M, Kaferstein FK. Food safety in primary health care. World Health Forum. 1994; 15(4):393-9.
Thorpe M. Prevention of foodborne illness and the role of dietitian. J Am Diet Assoe. 2003; 103(1):20-2.
Woteki CE. Dietitians can prevent listeriosis. J Am Diet Ass. 2001; 101(3):285-6.
American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: food and water safety. J Am Diet Assoe. 1997; 97(2):1427-30.
