An actual view of gingival crevicular fluid as a periodontal diagnosis method
Keywords:
Diagnosis, Periodontal disease, Gingival crevicular fluidAbstract
The aim of the latest diagnostic tools for periodontal disease is to study the host inflammatory response through the gingival crevicular fluid, This fluid is a complex mixture of substances deriving from blood serum, leucocytes. periodontal structural cells and buccal microorganisms. Even when the gums are healthy, this is a transuding fluid which flows from the gingival sulcus, probably as a mechanical factor minímizing the buildup of microorganisms, suggesting a passive filtering system for the undamaged gingival tissue. The extraction and the analysis of samples of gíngival crevicular fluid are performed via a non-invasive access to the pathophysiologícal status of a specific periodontal site. Some studies have
proposed the use of gingival crevicular fluid antibodies or inflammatory mediators as a potential adjunct to periodontal diagnosis in the definition of the disease’s
mechanism. The extraction methods may, in general, be divided into intra- and extra-sulcal techniques. The rate of flow of the gingival crevicular fluid varies between individuaIs who are healthy, those with gingivitis or between different stages of periodontitis. So, the aim of this study is to describe the different ways of collecting gingival fluid and its importance in the inflammatory process; these procedures can offer a more sensitive, predictive analysis, helping with the diagnosis and prognosis of periodontal disease.
Downloads
References
Giannobile WV, AF-Shammari KF. Sarrnent DP. Matrix molecules and growth factors as indicators of periodontal disease activity. Periodontol 2000. 2003; 31(1):125-34.
Castro CE, Koss MA, López ME. Biochemical markers of the periodontal ligament. Med Oral. 2003; 8(5): 322-8.
Champagne CM, Buchanan W, Reddy MS, Preisser JS, Beck JD, Offenbacher S. Potential for gingival crevice fluid measures as predictors of risk for periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000. 2003; 31 (1):167-80.
Uitto VJ, Overall CM, McCulloch C. Proteolytic host cell enzymes in gingival crevice fluid. Periodontol 2000. 2003; 31(1):77-104.
Armitage GC, Analysis of gingival crevice fluid and risk of progression of periodontitis. Periodontol 2000. 2004; 34(1): 109-19.
Academy Report. Diagnosis of periodontal disease position paper. J Periodontol. 2003; 74(8):1237-47.
Delima AJ, Van Dyke TE. Origin and function of the cellular components in gingival crevice fluid. Periodontol 2000. 2003; 31(1):55-76.
Goodson JM. Gingival crevice fluid flow. Periodontol 2000. 2003; 31(1):43-54.
Griffiths GS. Formation. collection and significance of gingival crevice fluid. Periodontol 2000. 2003; 31:32-42.
Gazi Ml, Cox SW, Clark DT, Eley BM. Comparison of host tissue and bacterial dipeptidyl peptidases in human gingival crevicular fluid by analytical isoelectric focusing, Arch Oral Biol. 1995; 40(8):731-6.
Kavadia-Tsatala S. Kaklamanos EG. Tsalikis L. Effects of orthodontic treatment on gingival crevicular fluid flow rate and composition: Clinical implications and applications. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg 2002; 17(3):191-205.
lwasaki LR. Haack JE, Nickel JC, Reinhardt RA, Petro TM. Human interleukin-IB and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist secretion and velocity of tooth movement Arch Oral Btol. 2001; 46(2):185-9.
Ren Y. Maltha JC. Van't Hof MA. von Den Hoff JW, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Zhang D. Cytokine levels in crevicular fluid are less responsive to orthodontic force in adults than in juveniles. J Clin Periodontol. 2002; 29(8):757-62.
Tözüm TF, Hatipoglu H, Yamalik N, Gürsel M, Alptekin NO, Ataoglu T, et al. Critical steps in electronic volume quantification of gingival crevicular fluid: the potential impact of evaporation, fluid retention, local conditions and repeated measurements- J Periodontal Res. 2004; 39(5):344-57.
Ulker AE, Tulunoglu O, Can M, Demirtas S- The evaluation of cystatin C, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha levels in total saliva and gingival crevicular fluid from 11- to 16-year-old children. J Periodontol. 2008; 79(5): 854-60.
Skapski H, Lehner T A crevicular washing method for investigating immune components of crevicular fluid in man. J Periodontal Res. 1976; 11(1):19-24.
Sueda T, Bang J, Cimasoni G. Collection of gingival fluid for quantitative analysis. J Dent Res.1969; 48(1): 159.
Johnson RB, Streckfus CF, Dai X, Tucci MA. Protein recovery from several paper types used to collect gingival crevicular fluid. J Periodontal Res. 1999; 34(6): 283-9.
Ceschin A, Pallos D, Victor GA, Jardim, JCM. Quirino, MRS. Avaliação dos níveis de Interleucina 1b em mulheres na menopausa com doença periodontal. Rev APCD. 2005; 59(1):29-34.
Darany DG, Beck FM, Walters JD. The relationship of gingival fluid leukocyte elastase activity to gingival fluid flow rate. J Periodontol. 1992; 63(9):743–7.
Fine DH, Mandel ID. Indicators of periodontal disease activity: an evaluation. J Clin Periodontol. 1986; 13(5): 533-46.
Seymour GJ, Gemmell E. Cytokines in periodontal disease: where to from here? Acta Odontol Scand 2001; 59(3):167-73.
Heasman PA, Collins JG, Offenbacher S. Changes in crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-1b. leukotriene B4, prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2 and tumor necrosis factor a in experimental gingivitis in humans. J Periodontal Res. 1993; 28(4):241-7.
Beklen A, Tüter G, Sorsa T, Hanemaaijer R, Virtanen I, Tervahartiala Tr et al. Gingival Tissue and Crevicular Fluid Co-operation in Adult Periodontitis. J Dent Res. 2006; 85(1):59-63.
Morozumi T, Kubota T, Sato T, Okuda K, Yoshie H Smoking cessation increases gingival blood flow and gingival crevicular fluid. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31 (4): 267-72.
Stein SH, Green BE, Scarbecz M' Augmented transforming growth factor-beta1 in gingival crevicular fluid of smokers with chronic periodontitis J Periodontol, 2004; 75(12):1619-26.
Alpagot T, Konopka K, Battacharyya M, Gebremedhin S, Düzgünes N. The association between gingival crevicular fluid TGF-p1 levels and periodontal status in HIV-1+ patients. J Periodontol. 2008; 79(1):123-30.
Ren Y, Hazemeijer H, de Haan B, Qu N, de Vos R Cytokine profi Ies in crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement of short and long durations. J Periodontol. 2007; 78(3):453-8.
Engebretson SP, Grbic JT, Singer R, Lamster IB. GCF IL-1 beta profiles in periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol, 2002; 29(1):48-53.
Daltaban O. Saygun, BaI B, Balos K, Serdar M. Gingival crevicular fluid alkaline phosphatase levels in postmenopausal women: effects of phase I periodontal treatment, J Periodontol. 2006; 77(1): 67-72.
Emingil G. Atilla G, Sorsa T. Tervahartiala T. The effect of adjunctive subantimicrobial dose doxycycline therapy on GCF EMMPRIN levels in chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2008; 79(3):469-76.
