Statins
a review about vascular aspects
Keywords:
Antioxidants, Endothelium, vascular, HydrocymethylglutaryI-CoA reductase inibitors, Nítric oxideAbstract
In most countries, statins have become the most commonly prescribed lipid-lowering
drugs. Effects that do not depend on this reduction are called pleíotropic effects and
some of them are: improved endothelial function, recruitment of new endothelial
precursor cells and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In a systematic review of
national and international literature using the Medline/Pubmed database and using
the keywords staüns, endothelial dysfunctíon, nitric oxide. endothelin, revascularization
and anti-inflammatory, we found that new statin properties were discovered in the last
years. Staüns act on vascular endothelium cells by interfering in the availability of nitric
oxide and endothelín-I and by recruiting new endothelial precursor cells. it also has
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Such effects are brought about by reducing
the levels of isoprenoids, íntermediates of the mevalonic acid pathway, which are
responsible for a number of intracellular signal pathways. This knowledge can provide
additional benefits such as risk reduction and new treatment perspectives, aiding in
understanding the benefits and preventing the risks associated with prolonged use of
these drugs, which, in its turn, may reduce the morbidity and mortality rates of
individuais with cardiovascufar diseases. Thus, despite the limitations associated with
mulüfactoriaf actions, new studies considering these effects and a better understanding
of lipíd and pleíotropic statin mechanísms may change some paradigms associated with the development of new cardiovascular therapies.
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