Acute effects of low intensity dynamic exercise on Heart rate variability and blood pressure of Normotensive and mild hypertensive individuals
Keywords:
hypertension, heart are variability, motor activity, physical therapyAbstract
Objective
To provide information to better understand the immediate effect (acute hypotensive effect) of low-intensity aerobic dynamic physical activity on the blood pressure of normotensive and mild essential hypertensive patients and the probable cardiac autonomic contribution to this process.
Methods
Ten normotensive and 7 mild essential hypertensive patients with a mean age of 21.7 ± 2.9 and 26.4 ± 8.1 years, respectively, were studied. The dynamic physical activity proposed for the study was light aerobic, at reference values of 60% of submax heart rate, understood as HRsubmax = [(195 - age) x 60%) carried out for 40 minutes. Heart Rate Variability was the tool used to analyze cardiac autonomic function in the phases of initial rest and post-exertion recovery (0 to 10 minutes after dynamic physical activity).
Results
There was a reduction in blood pressure after dynamic physical activity; however, it was found that in the normotensive group this fact was significantly linked to diastolic blood pressure values, while in the mild hypertensive group the most important hypotensive effect occurred with systolic blood pressure. However, with the analysis of Heart Rate Variability, in the time elapsed between 0 and 10 minutes of the recovery phase after dynamic physical activity, it was not possible to document a significant cardiac autonomic participation as responsible for the reduction in blood pressure levels obtained; Despite this, there was a tendency towards an increase in the values of variables that reflect parasympathetic activity and a reduction in those that show cardiac sympathetic activity.
Conclusion
The study demonstrated that appropriately prescribed dynamic physical activity can transiently reduce blood pressure in normotensive and mild essential hypertensive patients, as documented in the O to 1 O phase minutes after exertion, and that there are indications that frequent exposure to dynamic physical activity could promote beneficial adaptations to control mild hypertension. Furthermore, based on the results obtained, it can be inferred that if a larger number of individuals were studied, the analysis of Heart Rate Variability could, together with peripheral adjustments, demonstrate a more significant cardiac autonomic contribution to the process of post-exercise arterial hypotension.
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