MECHANISMS OF ACTION ANO RESISTENCE TO KETOLIDES
Keywords:
antimicrobials, ketolides, drug resistance, multipleAbstract
The increase of multidrug resistance in some strains of microorganisms has been documented ali over the world. Consequently, the current oral antibiotics are
/osing their efficacy in the treatment of infections caused by these organisms. ln this scenario, new antimicrobials, like ketolides, have emerged. They represent a new generation of the macro/ides family, in which the 3-keto group replaces the L-cladinose in the lactone ring. Keto/ides have shown to be more active than other macro/ides against many Gram-positive bacteria, /ike Enterococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. However, some methicilin and erythromycin resistant strains of Staphy/ococcus aureus seem to be resistant to keto/ides. Some resistance mechanisms to ketolides have been identified, such as: the structural mutations in binding sites of ketolides to ribosome; the existence of active eff/ux pump; and the presence of inactivating enzymes. Some strains with the active gene erm B, such as the Streptococcus pyogenes, a/so present resistance to ketolides.
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References
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