Uso de metformina em mulheres obesas com Síndrome do Ovário Policístico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24220/2318-0897v25n2a3613Palavras-chave:
Hiperandrogenismo. Metformina. Obesidade. Síndrome do ovário policístico.Resumo
A Síndrome do Ovário Policístico caracteriza-se como uma alteração anatômica e morfológica dos ovários que acarreta hiperandrogenismo, ciclos menstruais irregulares, redução da fertilidade e múltiplos cistos ovarianos, principalmente em mulheres obesas durante a menacme. Como o aumento da resistência à insulina e a hiperinsulinemia estão frequentemente presentes, a metformina começou a ser preconizada na clínica como uma forma de tratamento da Síndrome do Ovário Policístico. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso de metformina em mulheres obesas com a síndrome citada. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed/MedLine, Portal CAPES, SciELO, Cochrane e Google Acadêmico no período de fevereiro a maio de 2016. Os artigos foram identificados pelos seguintes descritores: "polycystic ovary syndrome", "metformin", "hyperandrogenism and obesity". Não houve restrição quanto à data de publicação dos artigos e idioma. Uma ampla utilização da metformina é identificável no tratamento da Síndrome do Ovário Policístico, porém ainda existe discordância sobre sua efetividade de forma isolada. Estudos utilizando monoterapia de metformina identificaram auxílio na redução de peso e melhora nas taxas de gravidez. Nos estudos utilizando terapia combinada, ocorreu melhora significativa nas taxas de ovulação e gravidez. Por fim, nos trabalhos que compararam o uso da metformina com modificação do estilo de vida, foi observado que a redução do peso teve impacto mais significativo nas taxas de ovulação e gravidez. Assim, apesar deste fármaco melhorar sintomas da síndrome do ovário policístico, o fator que mais colabora para ciclos menstruais regulares e melhoraria nas taxas de ovulação/gravidez é a redução do peso.
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