Fatores associados ao aborto espontâneo recorrente
Palavras-chave:
aborto espontâneo, auto-imunidade, trombofiliaResumo
O aborto é uma ocorrência freqüente na vida reprodutiva dos casais. O aborto espontâneo recorrente caracteriza-se por três ou mais perdas espontâneas e sucessivas de gestações até vinte semanas, situação que ocorre em 1 % a 2% das mulheres em idade reprodutiva. Vários são os fatores associados à sua etiologia: genéticos, anatômicos, hormonais, infecciosos, imunológicos e outros. Atualmente, os fatores imunológicos são os mais estudados e são os que apresentam melhores resultados no tratamento. Incluem os fatores auto-imunes, envolvendo as doenças do colágeno e os anticorpos antifosfolípides, e os fatores aloimunes, que envolvem a imunomodulação da gravidez para aceitação do enxerto fetal. Além disso, fatores de trombofilia hereditária têm sido cada vez mais associados ao aborto espontâneo recorrente. Contudo, mesmo com avanços no diagnóstico, muitos casos de aborto recorrente continuam sem causa esclarecida. Novos fatores ou associações daqueles já conhecidos podem influenciar o resultado gestacional. Fazemos, neste artigo, uma breve revisão, à luz da literatura atual, sobre os fatores associados ao aborto espotâneo recorrente.
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