Atualizações sobre β-hidroxi-β-metilbutirato: suplementação e efeitos sobre o catabolismo de proteínas
Palavras-chave:
Leucina, Metabolismo, Suplementação alimentarResumo
O β-hidroxi-β-metilbutirato, metabólito do aminoácido leucina, vem sendo utilizado como suplemento alimentar, em situações específicas, com o intuito de aumentar ou manter a massa isenta de gordura. Os relatos dos efeitos do β-hidroxi-β-metilbutirato em estudos recentes fizeram crescer as expectativas sobre sua utilização em casos patológicos. Também foram demonstrados melhores resultados, quando da sua ingestão, no treinamento de força em indivíduos iniciantes e em idosos. Em humanos o β-hidroxi-β-metilbutirato tem sido usado como agente anti-catabólico, e em modelos animais foi demonstrado ser eficaz em inibir a atividade de vias proteolíticas em células musculares de indivíduos caquéticos in vitro e in vivo. Os mecanismos participantes desses processos envolvem: a inibição da atividade do sistema ubiquitina proteossoma ATP-dependente, a inibição de vias de sinalização com participação da proteína quinase C-alfa e a diminuição da concentração citoplasmática do fator nuclear - kappa B livre, eventos relacionados ao decréscimo da proteólise em células musculares.
Downloads
Referências
Kreider RB, Almada AL, Antonio J, Broeder C, Earnest C, Greenwood M, et al. International society of sports nutrition exercise & sport nutrition review: research & recommendations. Sports Nutr Rev J. 2004; 1(1):1-44.
Nissen SL, Sharp RL. Effect of dietary supplements on lean mass and strength gains with resistance exercise: a meta-analysis. J Appl Physiol. 2003; 94(2):651-9.
Biolo G, Tessari P, Inshiostro S, Bruttomesso C, Fongher C, Sabadin L, et al. Leucine and phenylalanine kinetics during mixed meal ingestion. A multiple tracer approach. Am J Physiol. 1992; 262(4Pt1):E455-E63
De Feo P, Horber PFF, Haymond MW. Meal stimulate albumin synthesis: a significant contributor to whole body protein synthesis in humans. Am J Physiol. 1992; 263(4Pt1):E794-9.
Gautsch TA, Anthony JC, Kimball SR, Paul GL, Layman DK, Jefferson LS. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E availability regulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis during recovery from exercise. Am J Physiol. 1998; 274(2Pt1):C406-C14.
Anthony JC, Lang CH, Crozier SJ, Anthony TG, MacLean DA, Kimball SR, et al. Contribution of insulin to the translational control of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by leucine. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metabol. 2002; 282(5):E1092-E01.
Anthony JC, Anthony TG, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Signaling pathways involved in translational control of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by leucine. J Nutr. 2001; 131(3):856S-60S.
Shah OJ, Anthony JC, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Glucocorticoids oppose translational control by leucine in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metabol. 2000; 279(5):E1185-E90.
Ostaszewski P, Kostiuk S, Balasinska M, Jank M, Papet I, Glomot F. The leucine metabolite 3-hydroxy3methylbutyrate (HMB) modifies protein turnover in muscles of laboratory rats and domestic chickens in vitro. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 2000; 84:1-8.
Smith HJ, Mukerji P, Tisdale MJ. Attenuation of proteosome-induced proteolysis in skeletal muscle by β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in cancer-induced muscle loss. Cancer Res. 2005; 65(1):277-83.
Nissen SL, Abumrad NN. Nutritional role of the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB). Nutr Biochem. 1997; 8:300-11.
Wiley DB, Dobbins TA. Composition and method for enhancing the bioavailability of calcium and magnesium in dietary supplements and food additives. United States Patent. 2004; 20040220266.
Van Koevering M, Nissen S. Oxidation of leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproate to beta-hydroxy-betamethylbutyrate in vivo. Am J Physiol. 1992; 262(1 Pt 1):E27-31.
Gallagher PM, Carrithers JA, Godard MP, Schulze KE, Trappe SW. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate ingestion, part II: effects on hematology, hepatic and renal function. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000; 32(12):2116-9.
Peterson AL, Qureshi M A, Ferket PR, Fuller JC Jr. Enhancement of cellular and humoral immunity in young broilers by the dietary supplementation of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate. Immunopharm Immunotoxicol. 1999; 21(2):307-30.
Baxter JH, Carlos JL, Thurmond J, Rehani RN, Bultman J, Frost D. Dietary toxicity of calcium b-hydroxy-b-methylbutyrate (CaHMB). Food and Chem Toxicol. 2005; 43(12):1731-41.
Nissen S, Sharp RL, Panton L, Vukovich M, Trappe S, Fuller JC Jr. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in humans is safe and may decrease cardiovascular risk factors. J Nutr. 2000; 130(8):1937-45.
Crowe MJ, O’Connor DM, Lukins JE. The effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) and HMB/creatine supplementation on indices of health in highly trained athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003; 13(2):184-97.
Vukovich MD, Slater G, Macchi MB, Turner MJ, Fallon K, Ratchmacher J. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) kinetics and the influence of glucose ingestion in humans. J Nutr Biochem. 2001; 12(11):631-9.
Gallagher PM, Carrithers JA, Godard MP, Schulze KE, Trappe SW. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate ingestion, Part I: effects on strength and fat free mass. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000; 32(12):2109-15.
Nissen S, Sharp R, Ray M, Rathmacher JA, Rice D, Fuller JC Jr, et al. Effect of leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training. J Appl Physiol. 1996; 81(5):2095-104.
Vukovich MD, Stubbs NB, Bohlken RM. Body composition in 70-year-old adults responds to dietary beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate similarly to that of young adults. J Nutr. 2001; 131(7): 2049-52.
Panton LB, Rathmacher JA, Baier S, Nissen S. Nutritional supplementation of the leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) during resistance training. Nutrition. 2000; 16 (9):734-9.
Ransone J, Neighbors K, Lefavi R, Chromiak J. The effect of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate on muscular strength and body composition in collegiate football players. J Strength Cond Res. 2003; 17(1):34-9.
Slater G, Jenkins D, Logan P, Lee H, Vukovich M, Rathmacher JA, et al. Beta-hydroxy-betamethylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation does not affect changes in strength or body composition during resistance training in trained men. Int J Sport
Nutr Exerc Metab. 2001; 11(3):384-96.
Kreider RB. Dietary supplements and the promotion of muscle growth with resistance exercise. Sports Med. 1999; 27(2):97-110.
O’Connor DM, Crowe MJ. Effects of beta-hydroxybetamethylbutyrate and creatine monohydrate supplementation on the aerobic and anaerobic capacity of highly trained athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2003; 43(1):64-8.
Paddon-Jones D, Keech A, Jenkins D. Short-term beta-hydroxy-beta methylbutyrate supplementation does not reduce symptoms of eccentric muscle damage. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2001; 11(4): 442-50.
Hoffman JR, Cooper J, Wendell M, Im J, Kang J. Effects of beta-hydroxy beta-Methylbutyrate on power performance and indices of muscle damage and stress during high-intensity training. J Strength Cond Res. 2004; 18(4):747-52.
Flakoll P, Sharp R, Baier S, Levenhagen D, Carr C, Nissen S. Effect of betahydroxy- beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and lysine supplementation on strength, functionality, body composition, and protein metabolism in elderly women. Nutrition. 2004; 20(5):445-51.
Knitter AE, Panton L, Rathmacher JA, Petersen A, Sharp R. Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on muscle damage after a prolonged run. J Appl Physiol. 2000; 89(4):1340-4.
May PE, Barber A, D’Olimpio JT, Hourihane A, Abumrad NN. Reversal of cancer-related wasting using oral supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine. Am J Surg. 2002; 183(4):471-9.
Clark RH, Feleke G, Din M, Yasmin T, Singh G, Khan FA, et al. Nutritional treatment for acquired immunodeficiency virus-associated wasting using beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate, glutamine, and arginine: a randomized, doubleblind, placebocontrolled study. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2000; 24(3):133-9.
Jowko E, Ostaszewski P, Jank M, Sacharuk J, Zieniewicz A, Wilczak J, et al. Creatine and betahydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program. Nutrition. 2001; 17(7-8):558-66.
Marcora S, Lemmey A, Maddison P. Dietary treatment of rheumatoid cachexia with b-hydroxyb-methylbutyrate, glutamine and arginine: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2005; 24(3):442-54.
Kuhls DA, Rathmacher JA, Musngi MD, Frisch DA, Nielson J, Barber A, et al. Beta-hydroxy-betamethylbutyrate supplementation in critically ill trauma patients. J Trauma. 2007; 62(1):125-31.
Lecker SH, Solomon V, Mitch WE, Goldberg AL. Muscle protein breakdown and the critical role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in normal and disease states. J Nutr. 1999; 129(1S-Suppl): 227S-37S.
Goll DE, Thompson VF, Taylor RG, Christiansen JA. Role of the calpain system in muscle growth. Biochemie. 1992; 74(3):225-37.
Lorite MJ, Thompson MG, Drake JL, Carling G, Tisdale MJ. Mechanism of muscle protein degradation induced by a cancer cachectic factor. Br J Cancer. 1998; 78(7):850-6.
Tisdale MJ. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as a therapeutic target for muscle wasting. J Support Oncol. 2005; 3(3):209-17.
Smith HJ, Wyke SM, Tisdale MJ. Mechanism of the attenuation of proteolysis-inducing factor stimulated protein degradation in muscle by β-hydroxy-βmethylbutyrate. Cancer Res. 2004; 64(23):8731-35.
Smith HJ, Wyke SM, Tisdale MJ. Role of Protein Kinase C and NF-kB in proteolysis inducing factor induced proteossome expression in C2C12 myotubes. Br J Cancer. 2004; 90(9):1850-7.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Everson Araújo NUNES, Luiz Cláudio FERNANDES
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
