A pandemia afetou os hábitos nutricionais do pessoal acadêmico na Turquia?
Palavras-chave:
Pessoal academico, Ansiedade, COVID-19, Nutrição, Grupos de riscoResumo
Objetivo
Analisar o impacto do período pandêmico na vida saudável, na nutrição e nos estados de ansiedade do pessoal acadêmico universitário.
Métodos
Estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de 507 acadêmicos da Bursa Uludag University, Turquia. As alterações nas quantidades de consumo de alimentos e bebidas, e no estilo de vida foram determinadas através de um questionário elaborado, e os estados de ansiedade foram determinados através do Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck. As análises estatísticas do estudo foram realizadas no programa IBM®SPSS® 23.0. O teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, correção de Yates e o teste exato de Fisher foram utilizados para comparação das variáveis.
Resultados
Durante a pandemia, a taxa de alimentação e o uso de vitaminas e minerais adicionais foram significativamente maiores nas mulheres (p=0.03, p<0.001, respectivamente). Durante o período pandêmico, os participantes do sexo masculino consumiram mais peixe do que as mulheres (p=0.037), e as mulheres consumiram mais café do que os homens durante esse período (p=0.004). Em comparação com o período pré-pandemia, o número de pessoas que tomam regularmente o café da manhã aumentou, enquanto o número de pessoas que almoçam e jantam regularmente diminuiu. Foi determinado que à medida que o escore BAI aumentava, a duração do sono diminuía gradativamente (p=0.001), o consumo de alimentos enlatados e o uso de alimentos para viagem aumentavam (p=0.011, p=0.001, respectivamente). Afirmou-se que o peso dos participantes aumentou, exceto aqueles com ansiedade mínima.
Conclusão
Verificou-se que a maioria dos participantes tendeu a consumir mais alimentos durante o período pandêmico. Observou-se que o índice de quem engordou durante a pandemia foi maior. Apesar disso, constatou-se que escolhas mais saudáveis são feitas à medida que aumenta o consumo de alguns alimentos. O nível de ansiedade foi considerado mais positivo do que alguns estudos semelhantes. O nível de escolaridade pode ter um efeito parcial na escolha de alimentos saudáveis e no enfrentamento da ansiedade.
Referências
Iddir M, Brito M, Dingeo G, Campo SSFD, Samouda H, La Frano MR, et al. Strengthening the immune system and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress through diet and nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 crisis. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1562. https://doi:10.3390/nu12061562
Zahedipour F, Hosseini SA, Sathyapalan T, Majeed TJ, Al-Rasadi K, Banach M, et al. Potential effects of curcumin in the treatment of COVID-19 infection. Phytother Res. 2020;34(11):2911-20. https://doi:10.1002/ptr.6738
Tsoupras A, Lordan R, Zabetakis I. Thrombosis and COVID-19: The potential role of nutrition. Front Nutr. 2020;7:583080. https://doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.583080
Stefan N, Birkenfeld AL, Schulze MB, Ludwig DS. Obesity and impaired metabolic health in patients with COVID-19. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16(7):341-2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-0364-6
Butler MJ, Barrientos RM. The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:53-54. https://doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.040
Ismail LC, Osaili TM, Mohamad MN, Marzouqi AA, Jarrar AH, Jamous DOA, et al. Eating habits and lifestyle during COVID-19 Lockdown in the United Arab Emirates: A cross-sectional study. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):3314. https://doi:10.3390/nu12113314
Pellegrini M, Ponzo V, Rosato R, Scumaci E, Goitre I, Benso A, et al. Changes in weight and nutritional habits in adults with obesity during the “lockdown” period caused by the COVID-19 virus emergency. Nutrients. 2020;12(7):2016. https://doi:10.3390/nu12072016
Rodrigues-Perez C, Molina-Montes E, Verardo V, Artacho R, Garcia-Villanova B, Guerra-Hernandez EJ, et al. Changes in dietary behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak confinement in the Spanish COVIDiet study. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1730. https://doi:10.3390/nu12061730
Sidor A, Rzymski P. Dietary choices and habits during COVID-19 lockdown: Experience from Poland. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1657. https://doi:10.3390/nu12061657
Odermatt A. The Western-style diet: A major risk factor for impaired kidney function and chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2011;301(5):F919-31. https://doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00068.2011
World Health Organisation. Nutrition advice for adults during the COVID-19 outbreak. Eastern Mediterranean: World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2021 June 20]. Available from: http://www.emro.who.int/nutrition/news/nutrition-advice-for-adults-during-the-covid-19-outbreak.html
Turkish Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health. Turkey Nutrition Guide 2015. Turkey; 2015 [cited 2021 May 15]. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketlihayat-db/Turkiye_Beslenme_Rehberi_TUBER_18_04_2019.pdf
Sánchez-Sánchez E, Ramírez-Vargas G, Avellaneda-López Y, Orellana-Pecino JI, García-Marín E, Díaz-Jimenez J. Eating habits and physical activity of the Spanish population during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2826. https://doi:10.3390/nu12092826
Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, Soldati L, Attinà A, Cinelli G, et al. Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: An Italian survey. J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):229. https://doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02399-5
Cohen L, Manion D, Morrison K. Research methods in Education. 6th ed. New York: Rutledge; 2007.
Patton MQ. Qualitative research and evaluation methods. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks (Cal): Sage Publications; 2002.
Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561-71. https://doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004
Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12(2):163.
Turkish Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health. Turkey Nutrition and Health Research. Turkey; 2021 [cited 2021 June 8]. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenmeve-hareketli-hayat-db/Dokumanlar/Kitaplar/TBSA_2017_Ozet_Bulgular.pdf
Mattioli AV, Sciomer S, Cocchi C, Maffei S, Gallina S. Quarantine during COVID-19 outbreak: Changes in diet and physical activity increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;30(9):1409-17. https://doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.020
Blaszczyk-Bebenek E, Jagielski P, Boleslawska I, Jagielska A, Nitsch-Osuch A, Kawalec P. Nutrition behaviors in polish adults before and during COVID-19 lockdown. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3084. https://doi:10.3390/nu12103084
Cancello R, Soranna D, Zambra G, Zambon A, Invitti C. Determinants of the Lifestyle Changes during COVID-19 Pandemic in the Residents of Northern Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(17):6287. https://doi:10.3390/ijerph17176287
Kaya S, Uzdil Z, Cakiroglu FP. Evaluation of the effects of fear and anxiety on nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24(2):282-9. https://doi:10.1017/S1368980020003845
Ruiz-Roso MB, Padilha PC, Mantilla-Escalante DC, Peres WAF, Martorell M, Aires MT, et al. Covid-19 confinement and changes of adolescent’s dietary trends in Italy, Spain, Chile, Colombia and Brazil. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1807. https://doi:10.3390/nu12061807
Morais AHA, Aquino JS, Silva-Maia JK, Vale SHL, Maciel BLL, Passos TS. Nutritional status, diet and viral respiratory infections: perspectives for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Br J Nutr. 2021;125(8):851-62. https://doi:10.1017/S0007114520003311
Kasim R, Kasim MU. Composition of colorful fruits and vegetables and its importance for human health. Proceedings of the 8th International Vocational Schools Symposium Conference Paper; 2019 June 11-13. Sinop, Turkey: Sinop University; 2019 [cited 2021 Sep 27]. Available from: https://sinop.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/umyos19.pdf
Kalantar-Zadeh K, Moore LW. Impact of nutrition and diet on COVID-19 Infection and implications for kidney health and kidney disease management. J Ren Nutr. 2020;30(3):179-81. https://doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2020.03.006
Zemb P, Bergman P, Camargo CA Jr, Cavalier E, Cormier C, Courbebaisse M, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and the COVID-19 pandemic. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2020; 22:133-4. https://doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2020.05.006
Alexander J, Tinkov A, Strand TA, Alehagen U, Skalny A, Aaseth J. Early nutritional interventions with zinc, selenium and vitamin D for raising anti-viral resistance against progressive COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2358. https://doi:10.3390/nu12082358
Moghaddam A, Heller RA, Sun Q, Seelig J, Cherkezov A, Seibert L, et al. Selenium deficiency is associated with mortality risk from COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020;12(7):2098. https://doi:10.3390/nu12072098
Im JH, Je YS, Baek J, Chung M, Kwon HY, Lee J. Nutritional status of patients with COVID-19. Int J Infec Dis. 2020;100:390-3. https://doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.018
Rogero MM, Leao MC, Santana TM, Pimentel MMB, Carlini GCG, Silveira TFF, et al. Potential benefits and risks of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to patients with COVID-19. Free Radic Biol Med. 2020;156:190-9. https://doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.005
Alkhatib A. Antiviral functional foods and exercise lifestyle prevention of coronavirus. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2633. https://doi:10.3390/nu12092633
Giannoni E, Baud D, Agri VD, Gibson GR, Reid G. Probiotics and COVID-19. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(8):720-1. https://doi:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30195-3
Dhar D, Mohanty A. Gut microbiota and Covid-19-possible link and implications. Virus Res. 2020;285:198018. https://doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198018
McClean KM, Kee F, Young IS, Elborn JS. Obesity and the lung: 1. Epidemiology. Thorax. 2008;63(7):649-54. https://doi:10.1136/thx.2007.086801
Kumsar AK, Yilmaz FT, Olgun N. Current approaches to obesity. J Nurs Diab Obes Hyperten. 2011;3(1):21-9.
Jimenes-Pavon D, Carbonell-Baeza A, Lavie CJ. Physical exercise as therapy to fight against the mental and physical consequences of COVID-19 quarantine: Special focus in older people. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;63(3):386-8. https://doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.009
Polero P, Rebollo-Seco C, Adsuar JC, Perez-Gomez J, Rojo-Ramos J, Manzano-Redondo F, et al. Physical Activity Recommendations during COVID-19: Narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;18(1):65. https://doi:10.3390/ijerph18010065
Ural D, Kilickap M, Goksuluk H, Karaaslan D, Kayikcioglu M, Ozer N, et al. Data on prevalence of obesity and waist circumference in Turkey: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of epidemiological studies on cardiovascular risk factors. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2018;46(7):577-90. https://doi:10.5543/tkda.2018.62200
Castaneda-Babarro A, Arbillage-Etxarri A, Gutierrez-Santamaria B, Coca A. Physical activity change during COVID-19 confinement. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(18):6878. https://doi:10.3390/ijerph17186878
Nyenhuis SM, Greiwe J, Zeiger JS, Nanda A, Cooke A. Exercise and fitness in the age of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(7):2152-5. https://doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.039
Violant-Holz V, Gallego-Jimenez MG, Gonzalez-Gonzalez CS, Munoz-Violant S, Rodriguez MJ, Sansano-Nadal O, et al. Psychological health and physical activity levels during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(24):9419. https://doi:10.3390/ijerph17249419
Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112954. https://doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
Troyer EA, Kohn JN, Hong S. Are we facing a crashing wave of neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19? Neuropsychiatric symptoms and potential immunologic mechanisms. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:34-49. https://doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.027
Marelli S, Castelnuovo A, Somma A, Castronovo V, Mombelli S, Bottoni D, et al. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on sleep quality in university students and administration staff. J Neurol. 2021;268(1):8-15. https://doi:10.1007/s00415-020-10056-6
Silva ESME, Ono BHVS, Souza JC. Sleep and immunity in times of COVID-19. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2020; 66(2):143-7. https://doi:10.1590/1806-9282.66.S2.143
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Nilgun Istek, Elif Yildiz, Ozgecan Kadagan, Alparslan Turkkan, Metin Guldas, Ozan Gurbuz
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
