Adaptação e validação de questionário para avaliação de práticas relacionadas ao sal e sódio em adolescentes e jovens adultos brasileiros
Palavras-chave:
Comportamento do adolescente, Nutrição em saúde pública, Cloreto de sódio na dieta, Estudo de validaçãoResumo
Objetivo
Este estudo teve como objetivo adaptar e validar um instrumento online para avaliar práticas de adolescentes e jovens adultos brasileiros em relação ao sal e sódio.
Métodos
A partir de um questionário desenvolvido para adultos, novos itens foram avaliados por nove juízes, gerando índices de validade de conteúdo em nível de item e escala, com ponto de corte em 0,8. A validade aparente (n=20) e a análise de confiabilidade (kappa) (n=30) foram avaliados. Itens com kappa <0,5 foram excluídos. Análise fatorial exploratória foi utilizada para determinar a validade de construto. Itens com carga fatorial <|0,3| foram considerados não significativos, e, portanto, foram excluídos. O α de Cronbach foi calculado para analisar a estrutura interna, usando dados coletados de uma amostra de conveniência (n=345). Coeficientes com valores ≥0,7 foram considerados satisfatórios. As soluções geradas foram analisadas a partir de perspectivas teórica e de significância estatística, que subsidiaram a determinação do melhor modelo.
Resultados
Índice de validade de conteúdo em nível de item (0,78-1), índice de validade de conteúdo em nível de escala (0,96-0,99) e valores de kappa (97% dos itens com kappa >0,5) demonstraram que os itens estão adequados para aplicação. O modelo final na análise fatorial exploratória explicou suficientemente a variância dos dados, com boa estrutura interna (α de Cronbach=0,79; IC 95%: 0,75-0,82). O questionário validado contempla duas dimensões – uma relacionada a práticas comportamentais (8 itens) e outra relacionada a marcadores dietéticos (13 itens).
Conclusão
Este instrumento está pronto para ser aplicado e apresenta fácil reprodução, contribuindo para a avaliação de práticas relacionadas ao sal e sódio em jovens brasileiros.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Caio Luiz de Souza Cordes, Larissa Galastri Baraldi, Alícia Tavares da Silva Gomes, Kamila Tiemann Gabe, Alline Artigiani Lima Tribst
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
