A controvérsia sobre a ação das vitaminas antioxidantes na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares
Palavras-chave:
vitaminas antioxidantes, suplementação vitaminica, doenças cardivascularesResumo
A hipótese de uma ação das vitaminas antioxidantes na redução do risco de doenças cardiovasculares tem sido investigada extensivamente. Até os primeiros anos da década de 1990, o conjunto de dados derivados de estudos observacionais analíticos reforçava essa hipótese: uma alta ingestão de beta-caroteno e/ou das vitaminas C e E associava-se à menor ocorrência de eventos cardiovasculares. No entanto, os resultados de estudos de intervenção aleatorizados com suplementos dessas vitaminas e de alguns estudos observacionais mais recentes não confirmaram os achados anteriores. A presente revisão reúne dados da literatura publicados entre 1990 e 2003 - restringindo-se a estudos caso-controle, de coorte e de intervenção aleatorizados relativos à prevenção primária - e analisa a situação de controvérsia que se configurou em torno da questão, buscando definir O estado atual do conhecimento sobre a relação entre vitaminas antioxidantes e doenças cardiovasculares. Ainda não há consenso entre os membros da comunidade científica e aguardam-se os resultados de estudos em andamento, mas a hipótese inicial já não é considerada promissora e a suplementação com vitaminas antioxidantes não é recomendada.
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